英语笔记（三十七）
我们已经学了很多个这种动词，在它的后面再添加动词，必须使用
ing 的形式，比如 enjoy，practice，keep 和 mind。今天我们要学习另
外的两个动词，也是这样的规律。这两个词分别是 finish 和 deny。
finish 很好理解，它的后面必须连接 ing 动词的原因是，如果你要
完成一个动作，那么这个动词就已经在做了，不可以使用 to do 不定式
的形式，因为不定式表示将会做，可以理解为还没有做，因此 finish 后
面加不定式是逻辑不通的。
第二个词 deny，中文含义是否认，可以理解为对某个动作的否定，
就是表达自己没有做那件事情。还是一样的理解方式，如果 deny 后面
用 to do 不定式的形式也是不符合逻辑的，因为不定式表达的是将会
做，还没有做的动作，没有做的动作当然也就不会被否认了，所以 deny
这个词后面也只能连接 ing 形式的动词。
还有一种情况是否认的内容是完整的一句话，完整的一句话其实是
有名词性质的，当然也就不需要动词后面添加 ing 来把动词名词化了。
但是需要注意的是，deny 后面需要先添加 that，用 that 来引出后面被
否认的那句话。
1
中文
英文
K.K.音标
阅读
to read
/tə/ /rid/
这本书
the book
/ðə/ /bʊk/
阅读这本书
to read the book
/tə/ /rid/ /ðə/ /bʊk/
阅读这本书(ing 形式)
reading the book
/‘ridɪŋ/ /ðə/ /bʊk/
完成
to finish
/tə/ /‘fɪnɪʃ/
他完成
he finishes
/hi/ /‘fɪnɪʃɪz/
他(过去)完成
he finished
/hi/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/
他(过去)完成阅读这本书
he finished reading the book
/hi/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /‘ridɪŋ/ /ðə/ /bʊk/
天
day
/de/
一天
one day
/wʌn/ /de/
在一天内
in one day
/ɪn/ /wʌn/ /de/
他在一天内完成了阅读这本书
he finished reading the book in one day
/hi/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /‘ridɪŋ/ /ðə/ /bʊk/ /ɪn/ /wʌn/ /de/
晚上
night
/naɪt/
在一个晚上内
in one night
/ɪn/ /wʌn/ /naɪt/
他在一个晚上内完成了阅读这本书
he finished reading the book in one night
/hi/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /‘ridɪŋ/ /ðə/ /bʊk/ /ɪn/ /wʌn/ /naɪt/
洗
to wash
/tə/ /wɔʃ/
碟
dish
/dɪʃ/
那些碗碟
the dishes
/ðə/ /dɪʃɪz/
洗那些碗碟
to wash the dishes
/tə/ /wɔʃ/ /ðə/ /dɪʃɪz/
洗那些碗碟(ing 形式)
washing the dishes
/‘wɑʃɪŋ/ /ðə/ /dɪʃɪz/
晚饭
dinner
/‘dɪnɚ/
在……之后
after
/‘æftɚ/
在晚饭之后
after dinner
/‘æftɚ/ /‘dɪnɚ/
在晚饭之后洗那些碗碟(ing 形式)
washing the dishes after dinner
/‘wɑʃɪŋ/ /ðə/ /dɪʃɪz/ /‘æftɚ/ /‘dɪnɚ/
他(过去)完成
he finished
/hi/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/
他在晚饭之后完成了洗碗
he finished washing the dishes after dinner
/hi/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /‘wɑʃɪŋ/ /ðə/ /dɪʃɪz/ /‘æftɚ/ /‘dɪnɚ/
作画
to paint
/tə/ /pent/
墙
the wall
/ðə/ /wɔl/
刷墙
to paint the wall
/tə/ /pent/ /ðə/ /wɔl/
刷墙(ing 形式)
painting the wall
/‘pentɪŋ/ /ðə/ /wɔl/
完成
to finish
/tə/ /‘fɪnɪʃ/
他们完成
they finish
/ðe/ /‘fɪnɪʃ/
他们(过去)完成
they finished
/ðe/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/
他们完成了刷墙
they finished painting the wall
/ðe/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /‘pentɪŋ/ /ðə/ /wɔl/
太阳
sun
/sʌn/
日落
sunset
/‘sʌnsɛt/
在……之前
before
/bɪ’fɔr/
2
在日落之前
before sunset
/bɪ’fɔr/ /‘sʌnsɛt/
他们在落日之前完成了刷墙
they finished painting the wall before sunset
/ðe/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /‘pentɪŋ/ /ðə/ /wɔl/ /bɪ’fɔr/ /‘sʌnsɛt/
清理
to clean
/tə/ /klin/
这个房子
the house
/ðə/ /haʊs/
清理这个房子
to clean the house
/tə/ /klin/ /ðə/ /haʊs/
清理这个房子(ing 形式)
cleaning the house
/‘klinɪŋ/ /ðə/ /haʊs/
完成
to finish
/tə/ /‘fɪnɪʃ/
你(过去)完成
you finished
/ju/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/
你完成了清理这个房子
you finished cleaning the house
/ju/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /‘klinɪŋ/ /ðə/ /haʊs/
你自己
yourself
/jɔr’sɛlf/
通过你自己
by yourself
/baɪ/ /jɔr’sɛlf/
你自己一个人完成了清理这个房子
you finished cleaning the house by yourself
/ju/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /‘klinɪŋ/ /ðə/ /haʊs/ /baɪ/ /jɔr’sɛlf/
打破
to break
/tə/ /brek/
那个窗户
the window
/ðə/ /‘wɪndo/
打破那个窗户
to break the window
/tə/ /brek/ /ðə/ /‘wɪndo/
一个石头
a stone
/ə/ /ston/
和……一起
with
/wɪð/
和一个石头一起
with a stone
/wɪð/ /ə/ /ston/
用一个石头打破那个窗户
to break the window with a stone
/tə/ /brek/ /ðə/ /‘wɪndo/ /wɪð/ /ə/ /ston/
用一个石头打破那个窗户(ing 形式)
breaking the window with a stone
/‘brekɪŋ/ /ðə/ /‘wɪndo/ /wɪð/ /ə/ /ston/
否认
to deny
/tə/ /dɪ’naɪ/
他们否认
they deny
/ðe/ /dɪ’naɪ/
他们(过去)否认
they denied
/ðe/ /dɪ’naɪd/
他们(过去)否认用一个石头打破那个窗户
they denied breaking the window with a stone.
/ðe/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /‘brekɪŋ/ /ðə/ /‘wɪndo/ /wɪð/ /ə/ /ston/
他(过去)否认
he denied
/hi/ /dɪ’naɪd/
改变
to change
/tə/ /tʃendʒ/
想法
mind
/maɪnd/
他的想法
his mind
/hɪz/ /maɪnd/
改变他的想法
to change his mind
/tə/ /tʃendʒ/ /hɪz/ /maɪnd/
分钟
minute
/‘mɪnɪt/
最后
last
/læst/
最后一分钟
the last minute
/ðə/ /læst/ /‘mɪnɪt/
在最后一个刻
at the last minute
/ət/ /ðə/ /læst/ /‘mɪnɪt/
在最后一刻改变他的想法
to change his mind at the last minute
/tə/ /tʃendʒ/ /hɪz/ /maɪnd/ /ət/ /ðə/ /læst/ /‘mɪnɪt/
在最后一刻改变他的想法(ing 形式)
changing his mind at the last minute
/‘tʃendʒɪŋ/ /hɪz/ /maɪnd/ /ət/ /ðə/ /læst/ /‘mɪnɪt/
他(过去)否认
he denied
/hi/ /dɪ’naɪd/
3
他(过去)否认在最后一刻改变他的想法
he denied changing his mind at the last minute
/hi/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /‘tʃendʒɪŋ/ /hɪz/ /maɪnd/ /ət/ /ðə/ /læst/ /‘mɪnɪt/
父母
parents
/‘pɛrənts/
他的父母
his parents
/hɪz/ /‘pɛrənts/
撒谎
to lie
/tə/ /laɪ/
向他的父母撒谎
to lie to his parents
/tə/ /laɪ/ /tə/ /hɪz/ /‘pɛrənts/
撒谎(ing 形式)
lying
/‘laɪɪŋ/
向他的父母撒谎(ing 形式)
lying to his parents
/‘laɪɪŋ/ /tə/ /hɪz/ /‘pɛrənts/
否认
to deny
/tə/ /dɪ’naɪ/
他(过去)否认
he denied
/hi/ /dɪ’naɪd/
他(过去)否认向他的父母撒谎
he denied lying to his parents
/hi/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /‘laɪɪŋ/ /tə/ /hɪz/ /‘pɛrənts/
有病的
sick
/sɪk/
他是有病的
he is sick
/hi/ /ɪz/ /sɪk/
假装
to pretend
/tə/ /prɪ’tɛnd/
假装是有病的
to pretend to be sick
/tə/ /prɪ’tɛnd/ /tə/ /bi/ /sɪk/
假装是有病的(ing 形式)
pretending to be sick
/prɪ’tɛndɪŋ/ /tə/ /bi/ /sɪk/
否认
to deny
/tə/ /dɪ’naɪ/
他(过去)否认
he denied
/hi/ /dɪ’naɪd/
他(过去)否认假装是有病的
he denied pretending to be sick
/hi/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /prɪ’tɛndɪŋ/ /tə/ /bi/ /sɪk/
监狱
prison
/‘prɪzn/
从监狱
from prison
/frʌm/ /‘prɪzn/
逃跑
to escape
/tə/ /ɪ’skep/
越狱
to escape from prison
/tə/ /ɪ’skep/ /frʌm/ /‘prɪzn/
计划
to plan
/tə/ /plæn/
计划越狱
to plan to escape from prison
/tə/ /plæn/ /tə/ /ɪ’skep/ /frʌm/ /‘prɪzn/
计划越狱(ing 形式)
planning to escape from prison
/‘plænɪŋ/ /tə/ /ɪ’skep/ /frʌm/ /‘prɪzn/
否认
to deny
/tə/ /dɪ’naɪ/
他们(过去)否认
they denied
/ðe/ /dɪ’naɪd/
他们(过去)否认计划越狱
they denied planning to escape from prison
/ðe/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /‘plænɪŋ/ /tə/ /ɪ’skep/ /frʌm/ /‘prɪzn/
偷
to steal
/tə/ /stil/
钱
the money
/ðə/ /‘mʌni/
偷钱
to steal the money
/tə/ /stil/ /ðə/ /‘mʌni/
偷钱(ing 形式)
stealing the money
/stilɪŋ/ /ðə/ /‘mʌni/
银行
the bank
/ðə/ /bæŋk/
从银行
from the bank
/frʌm/ /ðə/ /bæŋk/
从银行偷钱(ing 形式)
stealing the money from the bank
/stilɪŋ/ /ðə/ /‘mʌni/ /frʌm/ /ðə/ /bæŋk/
否认
to deny
/tə/ /dɪ’naɪ/
他(过去)否认
he denied
/hi/ /dɪ’naɪd/
他(过去)否认从银行偷钱
he denied stealing the money from the bank
/hi/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /stilɪŋ/ /ðə/ /‘mʌni/ /frʌm/ /ðə/ /bæŋk/
接受
to accept
/tə/ /ək’sɛpt/
4
接受(ed 形式)
accepted
/ək’sɛptɪd/
被接受了
be accepted
/bi/ /ək’sɛptɪd/
他被接受了
he is accepted
/hi/ /ɪz/ /ək’sɛptɪd/
他(过去)被接受了
he was accepted
/hi/ /wəz/ /ək’sɛptɪd/
大学
the university
/ðə/ /ˌjunɪ’vɝsəti/
通过大学
by the university
/baɪ/ /ðə/ /ˌjunɪ’vɝsəti/
他(过去)被大学录取了
he was accepted by the university
/hi/ /wəz/ /ək’sɛptɪd/ /baɪ/ /ðə/ /ˌjunɪ’vɝsəti/
那个
that
/ðæt/
那个他(过去)被大学录取了
that he was accepted by the university
/ðæt/ /hi/ /wəz/ /ək’sɛptɪd/ /baɪ/ /ðə/ /ˌjunɪ’vɝsəti/
他(过去)否认
he denied
他(过去)否认(那个)他(过去)被大学录取了
he denied that he was accepted by the university
/hi/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /ðæt/ /hi/ /wəz/ /ək’sɛptɪd/ /baɪ/ /ðə/ /ˌjunɪ’vɝsəti/
他(过去)否认(那个)
he denied that
/hi/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /ðæt/
他们(过去)否认(那个)
they denied that
/ðe/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /ðæt/
邀请
to invite
/tə/ /ɪn’vaɪt/
邀请(ed 形式)
invited
/ɪn’vaɪtɪd/
被邀请
be invited
/bi/ /ɪn’vaɪtɪd/
他们被邀请
they are invited
/ðe/ /ɚ/ /ɪn’vaɪtɪd/
他们(过去)被邀请
they were invited
/ðe/ /wɚ/ /ɪn’vaɪtɪd/
总统
the president
/ðə/ /‘prɛzɪdənt/
通过总统
by the president
/baɪ/ /ðə/ /‘prɛzɪdənt/
他们(过去)被总统邀请
they were invited by the president
/ðe/ /wɚ/ /ɪn’vaɪtɪd/ /baɪ/ /ðə/ /‘prɛzɪdənt/
他们(过去)否认(那个)
they denied that
/ðe/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /ðæt/
他们(过去)否认(那个)他们(过去)被总统邀请
they denied that they were invited by the president
/ðe/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /ðæt/ /ðe/ /wɚ/ /ɪn’vaɪtɪd/ /baɪ/ /ðə/ /‘prɛzɪdənt/
教 to teach
/tə/ /titʃ/
教(ed 形式)
taught
/tɔt/
被教
be taught
/bi/ /tɔt/
他们被教
they are taught
/ðe/ /ɚ/ /tɔt/
他们(过去)被教
they were taught
/ðe/ /wɚ/ /tɔt/
教授
professor
/prə’fɛsər/
有名的
famous
/‘feməs/
一个有名的教授
a famous professor
/ə/ /‘feməs/ /prə’fɛsər/
通过一个有名的教授
by a famous professor
/baɪ/ /ə/ /‘feməs/ /prə’fɛsər/
他们(过去)被教
they were taught
/ðe/ /wɚ/ /tɔt/
他们(过去)被一个有名的教授所教
they were taught by a famous professor
/ðe/ /wɚ/ /tɔt/ /baɪ/ /ə/ /‘feməs/ /prə’fɛsər/
他们(过去)否认(那个)
they denied that
/ðe/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /ðæt/
他们(过去)否认(那个)他们(过去)被一个有名的教授所教
they denied that they were taught by a famous professor
/ðe/ /dɪ’naɪd/ /ðæt/ /ðe/ /wɚ/ /tɔt/ /baɪ/ /ə/ /‘feməs/ /prə’fɛsər/
5
| 中文 | 原形 | 第三人称单数 | 过去式 | ing形式 | ed形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 想要 | want | wants | wanted | wanting | wanted |
| 喜欢 | like | likes | liked | liking | liked |
| 有；(+to)不得不 | have | has | had | having | had |
| 计划 | plan | plans | planned | planning | planned |
| 需要 | need | needs | needed | needing | needed |
| 做 | do | does | did | doing | done |
| 告诉 | tell | tells | told | telling | told |
| 说话 | talk | talks | talked | talking | talked |
| 是 | be(am) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(is) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(are) | is | were | being | been |
| 看到 | see | sees | saw | seeing | seen |
| 吃 | eat | eats | ate | eating | eaten |
| 喝 | drink | drinks | drank | drinking | drunk |
| 知道 | know | knows | knew | knowing | known |
| 忘记 | forget | forgets | forgot | forgetting | forgotten |
| 失去 | lose | loses | lost | losing | lost |
| 离开 | leave | leaves | left | leaving | left |
| 睡觉 | sleep | sleeps | slept | sleeping | slept |
| 明白 | understand | understands | understood | understand | understood |
| 买 | buy | buys | bought | buying | bought |
| 洗 | wash | washes | washed | washing | washed |
| 打电话 | call | calls | called | calling | called |
| 帮助 | help | helps | helped | helping | helped |
| 相信 | believe | believes | believed | believing | believed |
| 学习 | study | studies | studied | studying | studied |
| 解释 | explain | explains | explained | explaining | explained |
| 问 | ask | asks | asked | asking | asked |
| 飞 | fly | flies | flew | flying | flown |
| 阅读 | read | reads | read | reading | read |
| 走路 | walk | walks | walked | walking | walked |
| 跳舞 | dance | dances | danced | dancing | danced |
| 回答 | answer | answers | answered | answering | answerwd |
| 工作 | work | works | worked | working | worked |
| 待在 | stay | stays | stayed | staying | stayed |
| 支付 | pay | pays | paid | paying | paid |
| 旅行 | travel | travels | traveled | traveling | traveled |
| 给 | give | gives | gave | giving | given |
| 达到 | get | gets | got | getting | got |
| 锁 | loke | locks | locked | locking | locked |
| 记得 | remember | remenbers | remembered | remembering | remembered |
| 清理 | clean | cleans | cleaned | cleaning | cleaned |
| 找到 | find | finds | found | finding | found |
| 关闭 | close | closes | closed | closing | closed |
| 教 | teach | teaches | taught | teaching | taught |
| 展示 | show | shows | showed | showing | shown |
| 让 | let | lets | let | letting | let |
| 休息 | rest | rests | rested | resting | rested |
| 用 | use | uses | used | using | used |
| 做饭 | cook | cooks | cooked | cooking | cooked |
| 去 | go | goes | went | going | gone |
| 决定 | decide | decides | decided | deciding | decided |
| 驾驶 | drive | drives | drove | driving | driven |
| 改变 | change | changes | changed | changing | changed |
| 尝试 | try | tries | tried | trying | tried |
| 停止 | stop | stops | Stopped | stopping | stopped |
| 参加 | join | joins | joined | joining | joined |
| 邀请 | invite | invites | invited | inviting | invited |
| 拒绝 | refuse | refuses | refused | refusing | refused |
| 接受 | accept | accepts | accepted | accepting | accepted |
| 学习 | learn | learns | learnt | learning | learnt |
| 完成 | finish | finishes | finished | finishing | finished |
| 看 | watch | watches | watched | watching | watched |
| 游泳 | swim | swims | swam | swimming | swum |
| 掌握 | master | masters | mastered | mastering | mastered |
| 购物 | shop | shops | shopped | shopping | shopped |
| 等待 | wait | waits | waited | waiting | waited |
| 讨论 | discuss | discusses | Discussed | discussing | discussed |
| 面对 | face | faces | faced | facing | faced |
| 解决 | solve | solves | solved | solving | solved |
| 疑惑 | wonder | wonders | wondered | wondering | wondered |
| 递给 | hand | hands | handed | handing | handed |
| 玩 | play | plays | played | playing | played |
| 跑 | run | runs | ran | running | run |
| 挑战 | challenge | challenges | challenged | challenging | challenged |
| 希望 | hope | hopes | hoped | hoping | hoped |
| 见到 | meet | meets | met | meeting | met |
| 打开 | open | opens | opened | opening | opened |
| 认为 | think | thinks | thought | thinking | thought |
| 说话 | speak | speaks | spoke | speaking | spoken |
| 看 | look | looks | looked | looking | looked |
| 听 | hear | hears | heard | hearing | heard |
| 强迫 | force | forces | forced | forcing | forced |
| 操作 | handle | handles | handled | handling | handled |
| 握 | hold | holds | held | holding | held |
| 做 | make | makes | made | making | made |
| 承诺 | promise | promises | promised | promising | promised |
| 保持 | keep | keeps | kept | keeping | kept |
| 钓鱼 | fish | fishes | fished | fishing | fished |
| 保存 | save | saves | saved | saving | saved |
| 注意到 | notice | notices | noticed | noticing | noticed |
| 退出 | quit | quits | quit/quitted | quitting | quit/quitted |
| 抽烟 | smoke | smokes | smoked | smoking | smoked |
| 更喜欢 | prefer | prefers | preferred | preferring | preferred |
| 爱 | love | loves | loved | loving | Loved |
| 打破 | break | breaks | broke | breaking | broken |
| 享受 | enjoy | enjoys | enjoyed | enjoying | enjoyed |
| 练习 | practice | practices | practiced | practicing | practiced |
| 改善 | improve | improves | improved | improving | improved |
| 分享 | share | shares | shaed | sharing | shared |
| 假装 | pretend | pretends | pretended | pretending | pretended |
| 撒谎 | lie | lies | lied | lying | lied |
| 否认 | deny | denies | denied | denying | denied |
| 作画 | paint | paints | painted | painting | painted |
| 偷 | steal | steals | stole | stealing | stolen |
1. 他们完成了打篮球。
2. 我（过去）否认忘记支付账单。
3. 他（过去）否认（那个）她（过去）是他的女朋友。
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