英语笔记（三十八）
我们本节课的学习重点，还是和上节课类似两个单词，分别是 admit
和 avoid。这两个词的后面再添加动词的话，必须使用 ing 形式，而不
可以用不定式。这还是整个表达逻辑决定的，用不定式是不符合逻辑的。
另外，还需要提到的一点是 be 的 ing 形式“being”的使用。“being”
这个词还是把它理解为“赋值”即可，即把 being 右边词的属性通过赋
值的方式，赋予给 being 左边，只不过现在 being 左边不仅仅是一个人
称词，而是人称词和 admit 或者 avoid 相结合的方式。这个赋值动词的
ing 形式和我们一直在学习的实义动词的 ing 形式是相同的使用方法。
再次，我们很早之前就学过的一个词“by”。这个词可以翻译为“通
过”的含义，或者“通过某种方式或者手段”的意思。这个词也就是语
法教材里常说的“介词”，即起到“介绍”或者“引荐”的作用，所引
荐的就是“by”后面的内容，而这个被引荐的内容就需要是名词属性，
因此如果这类词后面紧跟着的是一个动词，那么这个动词就需要用 ing
的形式把它转变为名词属性。
1
中文
英文
K.K.音标
锁
to lock
/tə/ /lɑk/
门
the door
/ðə/ /dɔr/
锁门
to lock the door
tə/ /lɑk/ /ðə/ /dɔr/
忘记 to forget
/tə/ /fɚ’ɡɛt/
忘记锁门
to forget to lock the door
/tə/ /fɚ’ɡɛt/ /tə/ /lɑk/ /ðə/ /dɔr/
忘记锁门(ing 形式)
forgetting to lock the door
/fɚ’ɡɛtɪŋ/ /tə/ /lɑk/ /ðə/ /dɔr/
承认
to admit
/tə/ /ədˈmɪt/
他们承认
they admit
/ðe/ /ədˈmɪt/
他们(过去)承认
they admitted
/ðe/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/
他们(过去)承认忘记锁门
they admitted forgetting to lock the door
/ðe/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/ /fɚ’ɡɛtɪŋ/ /tə/ /lɑk/ /ðə/ /dɔr/
灯
light
/laɪt/
红色
red
/rɛd/
一个红灯
a red light
/ə/ /rɛd/ /laɪt/
跑 to run
/tə/ /rʌn/
闯一个红灯
to run a red light
/tə/ /rʌn/ /ə/ /rɛd/ /laɪt/
闯一个红灯(ing 形式)
running a red light
/‘rʌnɪŋ/ /ə/ /rɛd/ /laɪt/
(过去)承认
admitted
/ədˈmɪtɪd/
驾驶
to drive
/tə/ /draɪv/
司机
the driver
/ðə/ /‘draɪvɚ/
司机(过去)承认
the driver admitted
/ðə/ /‘draɪvɚ/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/
司机(过去)承认闯一个红灯
the driver admitted running a red light
/ðə/ /‘draɪvɚ/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/ /‘rʌnɪŋ/ /ə/ /rɛd/ /laɪt/
答案
the answers
/ði/ /‘ænsɚz/
复制
to copy
/tə/ /ˈkɑpɪ/
抄答案
to copy the answers
/tə/ /ˈkɑpɪ/ /ði/ /‘ænsɚz/
同学
classmate
/‘klæsmet/
从……那里
from
/frʌm/
从一个同学那里
from a classmate
/frʌm/ /ə/ /‘klæsmet/
从一个同学那里抄答案
to copy the answers from a classmate
/tə/ /ˈkɑpɪ/ /ði/ /‘ænsɚz/ /frʌm/ /ə/ /‘klæsmet/
从一个同学那里抄答案(ing 形式)
copying the answers from a classmate
/ˈkɑpɪɪŋ/ /ði/ /‘ænsɚz/ /frʌm/ /ə/ /‘klæsmet/
(过去)承认
admitted
/ədˈmɪtɪd/
那个学生
the student
/ðə/ /‘studnt/
那个学生(过去)承认
the student admitted
/ðə/ /‘studnt/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/
那个学生(过去)承认从一个学生那里抄答案
the student admitted copying the answers from a classmate
/ðə/ /‘studnt/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/ /ˈkɑpɪɪŋ/ /ði/ /‘ænsɚz/ /frʌm/ /ə/ /‘klæsmet/
迟到的
late
/let/
她是迟到的
she is late
/ʃi/ /ɪz/ /let/
碰面；见到
to meet
/tə/ /mit/
2
会议
meeting
/‘mitɪŋ/
为了；对于
for
/fɚ/
对于这个会议
for the meeting
/fɚ/ /ðə/ /‘mitɪŋ/
她是迟到的对于这个会议
she is late for the meeting
/ʃi/ /ɪz/ /let/ /fɚ/ /ðə/ /‘mitɪŋ/
(过去)承认
admitted
/ədˈmɪtɪd/
是(ing 形式)
being
/ˈbiɪŋ/
她(过去)承认是迟到的对于这个会议
she admitted being late for the metting
/ʃi/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/ /ˈbiɪŋ/ /let/ /fɚ/ /ðə/ /‘mitɪŋ/
说话
to speak
/tə/ /spik/
演讲
speaking
/‘spikɪŋ/
公开的
public
/ˈpʌblɪk/
公开演讲
public speaking
/ˈpʌblɪk/ /‘spikɪŋ/
害怕的
afraid
/ə’fred/
她是害怕的
she is afraid
/ʃi/ /ɪz/ /ə’fred/
她害怕公开演讲
she is afraid of public speaking
/ʃi/ /ɪz/ /ə’fred/ /əv/ /ˈpʌblɪk/ /‘spikɪŋ/
(过去)承认
admitted
/ədˈmɪtɪd/
是(ing 形式)
being
/ˈbiɪŋ/
她(过去)承认
she admitted
/ʃi/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/
她(过去)承认害怕公开演讲
she admitted being afraid of public speaking
/ʃi/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/ /ˈbiɪŋ/ /ə’fred/ /əv/ /ˈpʌblɪk/ /‘spikɪŋ/
食物
food
/fud/
垃圾
junk
/dʒʌŋk/
垃圾食物
junk food
/dʒʌŋk/ /fud/
吃
to eat
/tə/ /it/
吃垃圾食物
to eat junk food
/tə/ /it/ /dʒʌŋk/ /fud/
吃垃圾食物(ing 形式)
eating junk food
/‘itɪŋ/ /dʒʌŋk/ /fud/
避免
to avoid
/tə/ /əˈvɔɪd/
她避免
she avoids
/ʃi/ /əˈvɔɪdz/
她避免吃垃圾食物
she avoids eating junk food
/ʃi/ /əˈvɔɪdz/ /‘itɪŋ/ /dʒʌŋk/ /fud/
生活
life
/laɪf/
方式
style
/staɪl/
生活方式
lifestyle
/‘laɪfstaɪl/
健康的
healthy
/‘hɛlθi/
一个健康的生活方式
a healthy lifestyle
/ə/ /‘hɛlθi/ /‘laɪfstaɪl/
保持
to maintain
/tə/ /menˈten/
保持一个健康的生活方式
to maintain a healthy lifestyle
/tə/ /menˈten/ /ə/ /‘hɛlθi/ /‘laɪfstaɪl/
她避免吃垃圾食物
she avoids eating junk food
/ʃi/ /əˈvɔɪdz/ /‘itɪŋ/ /dʒʌŋk/ /fud/
她避免吃垃圾食物来保持一个健康的生活方式
she avoids eating junk food to maintain a healthy lifestyle
/ʃi/ /əˈvɔɪdz/ /‘itɪŋ/ /dʒʌŋk/ /fud/ /tə/ /menˈten/ /ə/ /‘hɛlθi/ /‘laɪfstaɪl/
告诉
to tell
/tə/ /tɛl/
事实
the truth
/ðə/ /trʊθ/
告诉事实
to tell the truth
/tə/ /tɛl/ /ðə/ /trʊθ/
告诉事实(ing 形式)
telling the truth
/ˈtɛlɪŋ/ /ðə/ /trʊθ/
3
避免
to avoid
/tə/ /əˈvɔɪd/
她(过去)避免
she avoided
/ʃi/ /əˈvɔɪdɪd/
她(过去)避免告诉事实
she avoided telling the truth
/ʃi/ /əˈvɔɪdɪd/ /ˈtɛlɪŋ/ /ðə/ /trʊθ/
说谎
to lie
/tə/ /laɪ/
说谎(ing 形式)
lying
/‘laɪɪŋ/
父母
parents
/‘pɛrənts/
她的父母
her parents
/hɚ/ /‘pɛrənts/
向她的父母说谎(ing 形式)
lying to her parents
/‘laɪɪŋ/ /tə/ /hɚ/ /‘pɛrənts/
通过
by
/baɪ/
通过向她的父母说谎
by lying to her parents
/baɪ/ /‘laɪɪŋ/ /tə/ /hɚ/ /‘pɛrənts/
她(过去)避免告诉事实
she avoided telling the truth
/ʃi/ /əˈvɔɪdɪd/ /ˈtɛlɪŋ/ /ðə/ /trʊθ/
她通过向她的父母说谎来(过去)避免告诉事实
she avoided telling the truth by lying to her parents
/ʃi/ /əˈvɔɪdɪd/ /ˈtɛlɪŋ/ /ðə/ /trʊθ/ /baɪ/ /‘laɪɪŋ/ /tə/ /hɚ/ /‘pɛrənts/
伤害
to hurt
/tə/ /hɝt/
她
her
/hɚ/
伤害她
to hurt her
/tə/ /hɝt/ /hɚ/
伤害她(ing 形式)
hurting her
/ˈhɝtɪŋ/ /hɚ/
避免
to avoid
/tə/ /əˈvɔɪd/
我(过去)避免
I avoided
/aɪ/ /əˈvɔɪdɪd/
我(过去)避免伤害她
I avoided hurting her
/aɪ/ /əˈvɔɪdɪd/ /ˈhɝtɪŋ/ /hɚ/
保持
to keep
/tə/ /kip/
沉默
silent
/‘saɪlənt/
保持沉默
to keep silent
/tə/ /kip/ /‘saɪlənt/
保持沉默(ing 形式)
keeping silent
/‘kipɪŋ/ /‘saɪlənt/
通过
by
/baɪ/
通过保持沉默
by keeping silent
/baɪ/ /‘kipɪŋ/ /‘saɪlənt/
我通过保持沉默来(过去)避免伤害她
I avoided hurting her by keeping silent
/aɪ/ /əˈvɔɪdɪd/ /ˈhɝtɪŋ/ /hɚ/ /baɪ/ /‘kipɪŋ/ /‘saɪlənt/
迟到的
late
/let/
我是迟到的
I am late
/aɪ/ /æm/ /let/
(过去)避免
avoided
/əˈvɔɪdɪd/
是(ing 形式)
being
/ˈbiɪŋ/
我(过去)避免迟到
I avoided being late
/aɪ/ /əˈvɔɪdɪd/ /ˈbiɪŋ/ /let/
出租车
taxi
/‘tæksi/
乘坐
to take
/tə/ /tek/
乘坐一辆出租车
to take a taxi
/tə/ /tek/ /ə/ /‘tæksi/
乘坐一辆出租车(ing 形式)
taking a taxi
/ˈtekɪŋ/ /ə/ /‘tæksi/
通过
by
/baɪ/
通过乘坐一辆出租车
by taking a taxi
/baɪ/ /ˈtekɪŋ/ /ə/ /‘tæksi/
我(过去)避免迟到
I avoided being late
/aɪ/ /əˈvɔɪdɪd/ /ˈbiɪŋ/ /let/
我通过乘坐一辆出租车来(过去)避免迟到
I avoided being late by taking a taxi
/aɪ/ /əˈvɔɪdɪd/ /ˈbiɪŋ/ /let/ /baɪ/ /ˈtekɪŋ/ /ə/ /‘tæksi/
避免
to avoid
/tə/ /əˈvɔɪd/
4
他避免
he avoids
/hi/ /əˈvɔɪdz/
抽烟
to smoke
/tə/ /smok/
抽烟(ing 形式)
smoking
/‘smokɪŋ/
他避免抽烟
he avoids smoking
/hi/ /əˈvɔɪdz/ /‘smokɪŋ/
健康的
healthy
/‘hɛlθi/
健康
health
/hɛlθ/
他的健康
his health
/hɪz/ /hɛlθ/
保护
to protect
/tə/ /prə’tɛkt/
保护他的健康
to protect his health
/tə/ /prə’tɛkt/ /hɪz/ /hɛlθ/
他避免抽烟来保护他的健康
he avoids smoking to protect his health
/hi/ /əˈvɔɪdz/ /‘smokɪŋ/ /tə/ /prə’tɛkt/ /hɪz/ /hɛlθ/
谎言
lie
/laɪ/
一个谎言
a lie
/ə/ /laɪ/
白色的
white
/waɪt/
一个善意的谎言
a white lie
/ə/ /waɪt/ /laɪ/
告诉
to tell
/tə/ /tɛl/
说一个善意的谎言
to tell a white lie
/tə/ /tɛl/ /ə/ /waɪt/ /laɪ/
说一个善意的谎言(ing 形式)
telling a white lie
/ˈtɛlɪŋ/ /ə/ /waɪt/ /laɪ/
承认
to admit
/tə/ /ədˈmɪt/
他(过去)承认
he admitted
/hi/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/
他(过去)承认说一个善意的谎言(ing 形式)
he admitted telling a white lie
/hi/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/ /ˈtɛlɪŋ/ /ə/ /waɪt/ /laɪ/
感觉
to feel
/tə/ /fil/
感情
feelings
/‘filɪŋz/
某个人
someone
/‘sʌmwʌn/
某个人的感情
someone’s feelings
/‘sʌmwʌnz/ /‘filɪŋz/
伤害
to hurt
/tə/ /hɝt/
伤害某个人的感情
to hurt someone’s feelings
/tə/ /hɝt/ /‘sʌmwʌnz/ /‘filɪŋz/
伤害某个人的感情(ing 形式)
hurting someone’s feelings
/ˈhɝtɪŋ/ /‘sʌmwʌnz/ /‘filɪŋz/
避免
to avoid
/tə/ /əˈvɔɪd/
避免伤害某个人的感情
to avoid hurting someone’s feelings
/tə/ /əˈvɔɪd/ /ˈhɝtɪŋ/ /‘sʌmwʌnz/ /‘filɪŋz/
他(过去)承认说一个善意的谎言
he admitted telling a white lie
/hi/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/ /ˈtɛlɪŋ/ /ə/ /waɪt/ /laɪ/
他(过去)承认说一个善意的谎言来避免伤害某个人的感情
he admitted telling a white lie to avoid hurting someone’s feelings
/hi/ /ədˈmɪtɪd/ /tə/ /ədˈmɪt/ /tə/ /əˈvɔɪd/ /ˈhɝtɪŋ/ /‘sʌmwʌnz/ /‘filɪŋz/
5
| 中文 | 原形 | 第三人称单数 | 过去式 | ing形式 | ed形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 想要 | want | wants | wanted | wanting | wanted |
| 喜欢 | like | likes | liked | liking | liked |
| 有；(+to)不得不 | have | has | had | having | had |
| 计划 | plan | plans | planned | planning | planned |
| 需要 | need | needs | needed | needing | needed |
| 做 | do | does | did | doing | done |
| 告诉 | tell | tells | told | telling | told |
| 说话 | talk | talks | talked | talking | talked |
| 是 | be(am) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(is) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(are) | is | were | being | been |
| 看到 | see | sees | saw | seeing | seen |
| 吃 | eat | eats | ate | eating | eaten |
| 喝 | drink | drinks | drank | drinking | drunk |
| 知道 | know | knows | knew | knowing | known |
| 忘记 | forget | forgets | forgot | forgetting | forgotten |
| 失去 | lose | loses | lost | losing | lost |
| 离开 | leave | leaves | left | leaving | left |
| 睡觉 | sleep | sleeps | slept | sleeping | slept |
| 明白 | understand | understands | understood | understand | understood |
| 买 | buy | buys | bought | buying | bought |
| 洗 | wash | washes | washed | washing | washed |
| 打电话 | call | calls | called | calling | called |
| 帮助 | help | helps | helped | helping | helped |
| 相信 | believe | believes | believed | believing | believed |
| 学习 | study | studies | studied | studying | studied |
| 解释 | explain | explains | explained | explaining | explained |
| 问 | ask | asks | asked | asking | asked |
| 飞 | fly | flies | flew | flying | flown |
| 阅读 | read | reads | read | reading | read |
| 走路 | walk | walks | walked | walking | walked |
| 跳舞 | dance | dances | danced | dancing | danced |
| 回答 | answer | answers | answered | answering | answerwd |
| 工作 | work | works | worked | working | worked |
| 待在 | stay | stays | stayed | staying | stayed |
| 支付 | pay | pays | paid | paying | paid |
| 旅行 | travel | travels | traveled | traveling | traveled |
| 给 | give | gives | gave | giving | given |
| 达到 | get | gets | got | getting | got |
| 锁 | loke | locks | locked | locking | locked |
| 记得 | remember | remenbers | remembered | remembering | remembered |
| 清理 | clean | cleans | cleaned | cleaning | cleaned |
| 找到 | find | finds | found | finding | found |
| 关闭 | close | closes | closed | closing | closed |
| 教 | teach | teaches | taught | teaching | taught |
| 展示 | show | shows | showed | showing | shown |
| 让 | let | lets | let | letting | let |
| 休息 | rest | rests | rested | resting | rested |
| 用 | use | uses | used | using | used |
| 做饭 | cook | cooks | cooked | cooking | cooked |
| 去 | go | goes | went | going | gone |
| 决定 | decide | decides | decided | deciding | decided |
| 驾驶 | drive | drives | drove | driving | driven |
| 改变 | change | changes | changed | changing | changed |
| 尝试 | try | tries | tried | trying | tried |
| 停止 | stop | stops | Stopped | stopping | stopped |
| 参加 | join | joins | joined | joining | joined |
| 邀请 | invite | invites | invited | inviting | invited |
| 拒绝 | refuse | refuses | refused | refusing | refused |
| 接受 | accept | accepts | accepted | accepting | accepted |
| 学习 | learn | learns | learnt | learning | learnt |
| 完成 | finish | finishes | finished | finishing | finished |
| 看 | watch | watches | watched | watching | watched |
| 游泳 | swim | swims | swam | swimming | swum |
| 掌握 | master | masters | mastered | mastering | mastered |
| 购物 | shop | shops | shopped | shopping | shopped |
| 等待 | wait | waits | waited | waiting | waited |
| 讨论 | discuss | discusses | Discussed | discussing | discussed |
| 面对 | face | faces | faced | facing | faced |
| 解决 | solve | solves | solved | solving | solved |
| 疑惑 | wonder | wonders | wondered | wondering | wondered |
| 递给 | hand | hands | handed | handing | handed |
| 玩 | play | plays | played | playing | played |
| 跑 | run | runs | ran | running | run |
| 挑战 | challenge | challenges | challenged | challenging | challenged |
| 希望 | hope | hopes | hoped | hoping | hoped |
| 见到 | meet | meets | met | meeting | met |
| 打开 | open | opens | opened | opening | opened |
| 认为 | think | thinks | thought | thinking | thought |
| 说话 | speak | speaks | spoke | speaking | spoken |
| 看 | look | looks | looked | looking | looked |
| 听 | hear | hears | heard | hearing | heard |
| 强迫 | force | forces | forced | forcing | forced |
| 操作 | handle | handles | handled | handling | handled |
| 握 | hold | holds | held | holding | held |
| 做 | make | makes | made | making | made |
| 承诺 | promise | promises | promised | promising | promised |
| 保持 | keep | keeps | kept | keeping | kept |
| 钓鱼 | fish | fishes | fished | fishing | fished |
| 保存 | save | saves | saved | saving | saved |
| 注意到 | notice | notices | noticed | noticing | noticed |
| 退出 | quit | quits | quit/quitted | quitting | quit/quitted |
| 抽烟 | smoke | smokes | smoked | smoking | smoked |
| 更喜欢 | prefer | prefers | preferred | preferring | preferred |
| 爱 | love | loves | loved | loving | Loved |
| 打破 | break | breaks | broke | breaking | broken |
| 享受 | enjoy | enjoys | enjoyed | enjoying | enjoyed |
| 练习 | practice | practices | practiced | practicing | practiced |
| 改善 | improve | improves | improved | improving | improved |
| 分享 | share | shares | shaed | sharing | shared |
| 假装 | pretend | pretends | pretended | pretending | pretended |
| 撒谎 | lie | lies | lied | lying | lied |
| 否认 | deny | denies | denied | denying | denied |
| 作画 | paint | paints | painted | painting | painted |
| 偷 | steal | steals | stole | stealing | stolen |
| 承认 | admit | admits | admitted | admitting | admitted |
| 避免 | avoid | avoids | avoided | avoiding | avoided |
| 感觉 | feel | feels | felt | feeling | felt |
| 复制 | copy | copies | copied | copying | copied |
| 保持 | maintain | maintains | maintained | maintaining | maintained |
| 伤害 | hurt | hurts | hurt | hurting | hurt |
| 乘坐 | take | takes | took | taking | taken |
| 保护 | protect | protects | protected | protecting | protected |
1.他(过去)承认从银行偷钱。
2.他通过制定一个计划来避免浪费时间。
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