英语笔记（四十一）
今天我们需要搞清楚的知识点是 try 这个动词，后面添加不同形式
的内容时会有不同的理解方式。
比如第一个例句，She decided to try to master English.在这里，try 后
面是一个不定式 to master，因此我们可以把这个不定式里的 to 理解为
“去”，尝试去掌握英语，也就是说把“掌握英语”作为一个目标，尝试去
达成这个目标。
因此“to try”除了翻译为“尝试”之外，还可以理解为“尽力”或者“尽
量”，整个句子就可以理解为她（过去）决定尽力掌握英语。这就是 try
后面连接不定式时的含义，把这个不定式当作是一个目的，一个需要付
出努力才能达成的结果。
如果我们在 try 后面不用 to do 的不定式形式，比如，She decided
to try the new restaurant. 在这里 try 后面就是一个名词组合 the new
restaurant，这里的 try 简单地理解为尝试即可，这句话整体就理解为她
（过去）决定尝试这家新餐厅。
1
尝试的内容不需要付出努力即可达成，在这里就没有“尽力”或者“尽
量”的含义。如果我们把 the new restaurant 这个名词组合换成动词的
ing 形式也会是类似的效果，因为 ing 会把动词进行名词化。
比如 She tried reading English books.这句话里面 try 后面的内容就
是由 ing 形式的动词构成的一个类似名词的组合 reading English books。
因此在这里 try 的理解方式也仅仅是“尝试”，没有“尽力”的意思。
下面，我们在连词成句的练习中来体会它们的详细区别。
2
中文
英文
K.K.音标
掌握
to master
/tə/ /‘mæstɚ/
英语
English
/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
掌握英语
to master English
/tə/ /‘mæstɚ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
尝试
to try
/tə/ /traɪ/
尝试掌握英语
to try to master English
/tə/ /traɪ/ /tə/ /‘mæstɚ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
决定
to decide
/tə/ /dɪ’saɪd/
(过去)决定
decided
/dɪ’saɪdɪd/
她(过去)决定
she decided
/ʃi/ /dɪ’saɪdɪd/
尝试掌握英语
to try to master English
/tə/ /traɪ/ /tə/ /‘mæstɚ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
她(过去)决定尝试掌握英语
she decided to try to master English
/ʃi/ /dɪ’saɪdɪd/ /tə/ /traɪ/ /tə/ /‘mæstɚ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
餐厅
restaurant
/‘rɛstrɑnt/
新的
new
/nu/
新餐厅
new restaurant
/nu/ /‘rɛstrɑnt/
那个新餐厅
the new restaurant
/ðə/ /nu/ /‘rɛstrɑnt/
她(过去)决定尝试
she decided to try
/ʃi/ /dɪ’saɪdɪd/ /tə/ /traɪ/
她(过去)决定尝试那个新餐厅
she decided to try the new restaurant
/ʃi/ /dɪ’saɪdɪd/ /tə/ /traɪ/ /ðə/ /nu/ /‘rɛstrɑnt/
阅读
to read
/tə/ /rid/
书
books
/bʊks/
读书
to read books
/tə/ /rid/ /bʊks/
英文
English
/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
读英文书
to read English books
/tə/ /rid/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /bʊks/
读英文书(ing 形式)
reading English books
/‘ridɪŋ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /bʊks/
尝试
to try
/tə/ /traɪ/
(过去)尝试
tried
/traɪd/
她(过去)尝试
she tried
/ʃi/ /traɪd/
她(过去)尝试读英文书
she tried reading English books
/ʃi/ /traɪd/ /‘ridɪŋ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /bʊks/
线
line
/laɪn/
在线
online
/ɑnˈlaɪn/
课程
course
/kɔrsɪz/
在线课程
online courses
/ɑnˈlaɪn/ /kɔrsɪz/
使用
to use
/tə/ /juz/
使用在线课程
to use online courses
/tə/ /juz/ /ɑnˈlaɪn/ /kɔrsɪz/
使用在线课程(ing 形式)
using online courses
/juzɪŋ/ /ɑnˈlaɪn/ /kɔrsɪz/
她(过去)尝试
she tried
/ʃi/ /traɪd/
她(过去)尝试使用在线课程
she tried using online courses
/ʃi/ /traɪd/ /juzɪŋ/ /ɑnˈlaɪn/ /kɔrsɪz/
歌曲
song
/sɔŋ/
英文歌曲
English songs
/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /sɔŋz/
听
to listen
/tə/ /‘lɪsn/
听英文歌曲
to listen to English songs
/tə/ /‘lɪsn/ /tə/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /sɔŋz/
3
听英文歌曲(ing 形式)
listening to English songs
/‘lɪsnɪŋ/ /tə/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /sɔŋz/
她(过去)尝试
she tried
/ʃi/ /traɪd/
她(过去)尝试听英文歌曲
she tried listening to English songs
/ʃi/ /traɪd/ /‘lɪsnɪŋ/ /tə/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /sɔŋz/
说话
to speak
/tə/ /spik/
说话的人
speaker
/‘spikɚ/
当地的
native
/ˈnetɪv/
母语使用者
native speakers
/ˈnetɪv/ /‘spikɚz/
说话
to speak
/tə/ /spik/
和
with
/wɪð/
和母语使用者说话
to speak with native speakers
/tə/ /spik/ /wɪð/ /ˈnetɪv/ /‘spikɚz/
和母语使用者说话(ing 形式)
speaking with native speakers
/‘spikɪŋ/ /wɪð/ /ˈnetɪv/ /‘spikɚz/
练习
to practice
/tə/ /ˈpræktɪs/
练习和母语使用者说话
to practice speaking with native speakers
/tə/ /ˈpræktɪs/ /‘spikɪŋ/ /wɪð/ /ˈnetɪv/ /‘spikɚz/
练习和母语使用者说话(ing 形式)
practicing speaking with native speakers
/ˈpræktɪsɪŋ/ /‘spikɪŋ/ /wɪð/ /ˈnetɪv/ /‘spikɚz/
她(过去)尝试
she tried
/ʃi/ /traɪd/
她(过去)尝试练习和母语使用者说话
she tried practicing speaking with native speakers.
/ʃi/ /traɪd/ /ˈpræktɪsɪŋ/ /‘spikɪŋ/ /wɪð/ /ˈnetɪv/ /‘spikɚz/
说话(ing 形式)
speaking
/‘spikɪŋ/
英语
English
/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
说英语的
English-speaking
/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /‘spikɪŋ/
环境
environment
/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
说英语的环境
English-speaking environment
/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /‘spikɪŋ/ /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
一个说英语的环境
an English-speaking environment
/ən/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /‘spikɪŋ/ /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
在……里
in
/ɪn/
在一个说英语的环境里
in an English-speaking environment
/ɪn/ /ən/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /‘spikɪŋ/ /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
沉浸
to immerse
/tə/ /ɪˈmɝs/
她自己
herself
/hɝ’sɛlf/
沉浸她自己
to immerse herself
/tə/ /ɪˈmɝs/ /hɝ’sɛlf/
沉浸她自己在一个说英语的环境里
to immerse herself in an English-speaking environment
/tə/ /ɪˈmɝs/ /hɝ’sɛlf/ /ɪn/ /ən/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /‘spikɪŋ/ /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
沉浸(ing 形式)
immersing
/ɪˈmɝsɪŋ/
沉浸她自己在一个说英语的环境里(ing 形式)
immersing herself in an English-speaking environment
/ɪˈmɝsɪŋ/ /hɝ’sɛlf/ /ɪn/ /ən/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /‘spikɪŋ/ /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
她(过去)尝试
she tried
/ʃi/ /traɪd/
她(过去)尝试沉浸她自己在一个说英语的环境里
she tried immersing herself in an English-speaking environment
/ʃi/ /traɪd/ /ɪˈmɝsɪŋ/ /hɝ’sɛlf/ /ɪn/ /ən/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /‘spikɪŋ/ /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
健康
fitness
/‘fɪtnəs/
她的
her
/hɚ/
4
她的健康
her fitness
/hɚ/ /‘fɪtnəs/
改善
to improve
/tə/ /ɪmˈpruv/
改善她的健康
to improve her fitness
/tə/ /ɪmˈpruv/ /hɚ/ /‘fɪtnəs/
尝试
to try
/tə/ /traɪ/
尝试改善她的健康
to try to improve her fitness
/tə/ /traɪ/ /tə/ /ɪmˈpruv/ /hɚ/ /‘fɪtnəs/
决定
to decide
/tə/ /dɪ’saɪd/
(过去)决定
decided
/dɪ’saɪdɪd/
她(过去)决定
she decided
/ʃi/ /dɪ’saɪdɪd/
她(过去)决定尝试改善她的健康
she decided to try to improve her fitness
/ʃi/ /dɪ’saɪdɪd/ /tə/ /traɪ/ /tə/ /ɪmˈpruv/ /hɚ/ /‘fɪtnəs/
她(过去)决定尝试那个新餐厅
she decided to try the new restaurant
/ʃi/ /dɪ’saɪdɪd/ /tə/ /traɪ/ /ðə/ /nu/ /‘rɛstrɑnt/
早上
morning
/‘mɔrnɪŋ/
在早上
in the mornings
/ɪn/ /ðə/ /‘mɔrnɪŋz/
跑步
to run
/tə/ /rʌn/
在早上跑步
to run in the mornings
/tə/ /rʌn/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /‘mɔrnɪŋz/
在早上跑步(ing 形式)
running in the mornings
/‘rʌnɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /‘mɔrnɪŋz/
她(过去)尝试
she tried
/ʃi/ /traɪd/
她(过去)尝试
she tried running in the mornings
/ʃi/ /traɪd/ /‘rʌnɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /‘mɔrnɪŋz/
在……之后
after
/‘æftɚ/
中午
noon
/nun/
下午
afternoon
/æftɚ’nun/
在下午
in the afternoons
/ɪn/ /ði/ /æftɚ’nunz/
骑自行车
to cycle
/tə/ /ˈsaɪkl/
在下午骑自行车
to cycle in the afternoons
/tə/ /ˈsaɪkl/ /ɪn/ /ði/ /æftɚ’nunz/
在下午骑自行车(ing 形式)
cycling in the afternoons
/ˈsaɪklɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /ði/ /æftɚ’nunz/
她(过去)尝试
she tried
/ʃi/ /traɪd/
她(过去)尝试在下午骑自行车
she tried cycling in the afternoons
/ʃi/ /traɪd/ /ˈsaɪklɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /ði/ /æftɚ’nunz/
晚上
night
/naɪt/
在晚上
in the nights
/ɪn/ /ðə/ /naɪts/
瑜伽
yoga
/ˈjoɡə/
课程
classes
/klæsɪz/
瑜伽课程
yoga classes
/ˈjoɡə/ /klæsɪz/
参加
to attend
/tə/ /əˈtɛnd/
参加瑜伽课程
to attend yoga classes
/tə/ /əˈtɛnd/ /ˈjoɡə/ /klæsɪz/
在晚上
in the nights
/ɪn/ /ðə/ /naɪts/
在晚上参加瑜伽课程
to attend yoga classes in the nights
/tə/ /əˈtɛnd/ /ˈjoɡə/ /klæsɪz/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /naɪts/
参加(ing 形式)
attending
/əˈtɛndɪŋ/
在晚上参加瑜伽课程(ing 形式)
attending yoga classes in the nights
/əˈtɛndɪŋ/ /ˈjoɡə/ /klæsɪz/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /naɪts/
5
她(过去)尝试
she tried
/ʃi/ /traɪd/
她(过去)尝试在晚上参加瑜伽课程
she tried attending yoga classes in the nights
/ʃi/ /traɪd/ /əˈtɛndɪŋ/ /ˈjoɡə/ /klæsɪz/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /naɪts/
健身房
gym
/dʒɪm/
在健身房里
in the gym
/ɪn/ /ðə/ /dʒɪm/
重量
weights
/wets/
举起
to lift
/tə/ /lɪft/
举哑铃
to lift weights
/tə/ /lɪft/ /wets/
在健身房里
in the gym
/ɪn/ /ðə/ /dʒɪm/
在健身房里举哑铃
to lift weights in the gym
/tə/ /lɪft/ /wets/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /dʒɪm/
在健身房里举哑铃(ing 形式)
lifting weights in the gym
/lɪftɪŋ/ /wets/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /dʒɪm/
她(过去)尝试
she tried
/ʃi/ /traɪd/
她(过去)尝试在健身房里举哑铃
she tried lifting weights in the gym
/ʃi/ /traɪd/ /lɪftɪŋ/ /wets/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /dʒɪm/
周
week
/wik/
末
end
/ɛnd/
周末
weekend
/‘wikɛnd/
在周末
on the weekends
/ɑn/ /ðə/ /‘wikɛndz/
游泳
to swim
/tə/ /swɪm/
在周末游泳
to swim on the weekends
/tə/ /swɪm/ /ɑn/ /ðə/ /‘wikɛndz/
在周末游泳(ing 形式)
swimming on the weekends
/swɪmɪŋ/ /ɑn/ /ðə/ /‘wikɛndz/
她(过去)尝试
she tried
/ʃi/ /traɪd/
她(过去)尝试在周末游泳
she tried swimming on the weekends
/ʃi/ /traɪd/ /swɪmɪŋ/ /ɑn/ /ðə/ /‘wikɛndz/
6
| 中文 | 原形 | 第三人称单数 | 过去式 | ing形式 | ed形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 想要 | want | wants | wanted | wanting | wanted |
| 喜欢 | like | likes | liked | liking | liked |
| 有；(+to)不得不 | have | has | had | having | had |
| 计划 | plan | plans | planned | planning | planned |
| 需要 | need | needs | needed | needing | needed |
| 做 | do | does | did | doing | done |
| 告诉 | tell | tells | told | telling | told |
| 说话 | talk | talks | talked | talking | talked |
| 是 | be(am) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(is) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(are) | is | were | being | been |
| 看到 | see | sees | saw | seeing | seen |
| 吃 | eat | eats | ate | eating | eaten |
| 喝 | drink | drinks | drank | drinking | drunk |
| 知道 | know | knows | knew | knowing | known |
| 忘记 | forget | forgets | forgot | forgetting | forgotten |
| 失去 | lose | loses | lost | losing | lost |
| 离开 | leave | leaves | left | leaving | left |
| 睡觉 | sleep | sleeps | slept | sleeping | slept |
| 明白 | understand | understands | understood | understand | understood |
| 买 | buy | buys | bought | buying | bought |
| 洗 | wash | washes | washed | washing | washed |
| 打电话 | call | calls | called | calling | called |
| 帮助 | help | helps | helped | helping | helped |
| 相信 | believe | believes | believed | believing | believed |
| 学习 | study | studies | studied | studying | studied |
| 解释 | explain | explains | explained | explaining | explained |
| 问 | ask | asks | asked | asking | asked |
| 飞 | fly | flies | flew | flying | flown |
| 阅读 | read | reads | read | reading | read |
| 走路 | walk | walks | walked | walking | walked |
| 跳舞 | dance | dances | danced | dancing | danced |
| 回答 | answer | answers | answered | answering | answerwd |
| 工作 | work | works | worked | working | worked |
| 待在 | stay | stays | stayed | staying | stayed |
| 支付 | pay | pays | paid | paying | paid |
| 旅行 | travel | travels | traveled | traveling | traveled |
| 给 | give | gives | gave | giving | given |
| 达到 | get | gets | got | getting | got |
| 锁 | loke | locks | locked | locking | locked |
| 记得 | remember | remenbers | remembered | remembering | remembered |
| 清理 | clean | cleans | cleaned | cleaning | cleaned |
| 找到 | find | finds | found | finding | found |
| 关闭 | close | closes | closed | closing | closed |
| 教 | teach | teaches | taught | teaching | taught |
| 展示 | show | shows | showed | showing | shown |
| 让 | let | lets | let | letting | let |
| 休息 | rest | rests | rested | resting | rested |
| 用 | use | uses | used | using | used |
| 做饭 | cook | cooks | cooked | cooking | cooked |
| 去 | go | goes | went | going | gone |
| 决定 | decide | decides | decided | deciding | decided |
| 驾驶 | drive | drives | drove | driving | driven |
| 改变 | change | changes | changed | changing | changed |
| 尝试 | try | tries | tried | trying | tried |
| 停止 | stop | stops | Stopped | stopping | stopped |
| 参加 | join | joins | joined | joining | joined |
| 邀请 | invite | invites | invited | inviting | invited |
| 拒绝 | refuse | refuses | refused | refusing | refused |
| 接受 | accept | accepts | accepted | accepting | accepted |
| 学习 | learn | learns | learnt | learning | learnt |
| 完成 | finish | finishes | finished | finishing | finished |
| 看 | watch | watches | watched | watching | watched |
| 游泳 | swim | swims | swam | swimming | swum |
| 掌握 | master | masters | mastered | mastering | mastered |
| 购物 | shop | shops | shopped | shopping | shopped |
| 等待 | wait | waits | waited | waiting | waited |
| 讨论 | discuss | discusses | Discussed | discussing | discussed |
| 面对 | face | faces | faced | facing | faced |
| 解决 | solve | solves | solved | solving | solved |
| 疑惑 | wonder | wonders | wondered | wondering | wondered |
| 递给 | hand | hands | handed | handing | handed |
| 玩 | play | plays | played | playing | played |
| 跑 | run | runs | ran | running | run |
| 挑战 | challenge | challenges | challenged | challenging | challenged |
| 希望 | hope | hopes | hoped | hoping | hoped |
| 见到 | meet | meets | met | meeting | met |
| 打开 | open | opens | opened | opening | opened |
| 认为 | think | thinks | thought | thinking | thought |
| 说话 | speak | speaks | spoke | speaking | spoken |
| 看 | look | looks | looked | looking | looked |
| 听 | hear | hears | heard | hearing | heard |
| 强迫 | force | forces | forced | forcing | forced |
| 操作 | handle | handles | handled | handling | handled |
| 握 | hold | holds | held | holding | held |
| 做 | make | makes | made | making | made |
| 承诺 | promise | promises | promised | promising | promised |
| 保持 | keep | keeps | kept | keeping | kept |
| 钓鱼 | fish | fishes | fished | fishing | fished |
| 保存 | save | saves | saved | saving | saved |
| 注意到 | notice | notices | noticed | noticing | noticed |
| 退出 | quit | quits | quit/quitted | quitting | quit/quitted |
| 抽烟 | smoke | smokes | smoked | smoking | smoked |
| 更喜欢 | prefer | prefers | preferred | preferring | preferred |
| 爱 | love | loves | loved | loving | Loved |
| 打破 | break | breaks | broke | breaking | broken |
| 享受 | enjoy | enjoys | enjoyed | enjoying | enjoyed |
| 练习 | practice | practices | practiced | practicing | practiced |
| 改善 | improve | improves | improved | improving | improved |
| 分享 | share | shares | shaed | sharing | shared |
| 假装 | pretend | pretends | pretended | pretending | pretended |
| 撒谎 | lie | lies | lied | lying | lied |
| 否认 | deny | denies | denied | denying | denied |
| 作画 | paint | paints | painted | painting | painted |
| 偷 | steal | steals | stole | stealing | stolen |
| 承认 | admit | admits | admitted | admitting | admitted |
| 避免 | avoid | avoids | avoided | avoiding | avoided |
| 感觉 | feel | feels | felt | feeling | felt |
| 复制 | copy | copies | copied | copying | copied |
| 保持 | maintain | maintains | maintained | maintaining | maintained |
| 伤害 | hurt | hurts | hurt | hurting | hurt |
| 乘坐 | take | takes | took | taking | taken |
| 保护 | protect | protects | protected | protecting | protected |
| 允许 | permit | permits | permitted | permitting | permitted |
| 禁止 | prohibit | prohibits | prohibited | prohibiting | prohibited |
| 笑 | laugh | laughs | laughed | laughing | laughed |
| 唱歌 | sing | sings | sang | singing | sung |
| 沉浸 | immerse | immerses | immersed | immersing | immersed |
| 骑自行车 | cycle | cycles | cycled | cycling | cycled |
| 参加 | attend | attends | attended | attending | attended |
| 举起 | lift | lifts | lifted | lifting | lifted |
1. 我们应该尝试尽快解决这个问题。
2. 你可以尝试使用一个电脑来解决这个问题。
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