英语笔记（五十）
我们这节课学习的内容还是“完成时态”和“被动语态”的结合。更具
体一点，其实是“过去完成时态”和“被动语态”。我们之前在练习“过去完
成时态”的例句时，通常会在句子里添加一个其他的表示过去时间的信
息，从而让“过去完成”表达“对于过去的某个时间点，已经完成了某个动
作”的概念。因此，这节课我们会再添加了一个额外的表示过去的时间
信息。
比如“The problem had been solved by him.”已经是一个完整的句
子，但是在此基础上，我们还可以添加其他的信息，“before anyone else
noticed it”，整句话就变成了“the problem had been solved by him
before anyone else noticed it.”
这里的“before anyone else noticed it”就是我们添加的表示“过去”
的时间信息，用来补充完善前半句包含“被动语态”的“过去完成时态”。
1
中文
英文
K.K.音标
解决
to solve
/tə/ /sɔlv/
解决(ed 形式)
solved
/sɔlvd/
被解决
be solved
/bi/ /sɔlvd/
那个问题
the problem
/ðə/ /‘prɑbləm/
那个问题被解决
the problem is solved
/ðə/ /‘prɑbləm/ /ɪz/ /sɔlvd/
(已经)被解决
has been solved
/hæz/ /bɪn/ /sɔlvd/
那个问题(已经)被解决
the problem has been solved
/ðə/ /‘prɑbləm/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /sɔlvd/
(过去已经)被解决
had been solved
/hæd/ /bɪn/ /sɔlvd/
那个问题(过去已经)被解决
the problem had been solved
/ðə/ /‘prɑbləm/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /sɔlvd/
通过他
by him
/baɪ/ /hɪm/
那个问题(过去已经)通过他被解决
the problem had been solved by him
/ðə/ /‘prɑbləm/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /sɔlvd/ /baɪ/ /hɪm/
其他
else
/ɛls/
任何人
anyone
/‘ɛnɪwʌn/
其他任何人
anyone else
/‘ɛnɪwʌn/ /ɛls/
注意到
to notice
/tə/ /ˈnotɪs/
注意到(过去)
noticed
/ˈnotɪst/
它
it
/ɪt/
注意到(过去)它
noticed it
/ˈnotɪst/ /ɪt/
其他任何人注意到(过去)它
anyone else noticed it
/‘ɛnɪwʌn/ /ɛls/ /ˈnotɪst/ /ɪt/
在……之前
before
/bɪ’fɔr/
在其他任何人注意到(过去)它之前
before anyone else noticed it
/bɪ’fɔr/ /‘ɛnɪwʌn/ /ɛls/ /ˈnotɪst/ /ɪt/
那个问题(过去已经)被他解决
the problem had been solved by him
/ðə/ /‘prɑbləm/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /sɔlvd/ /baɪ/ /hɪm/
在其他任何人注意到(过去)它之前那个问题(过去已经)被他解决
the problem had been solved by him before anyone else noticed it
/ðə/ /‘prɑbləm/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /sɔlvd/ /baɪ/ /hɪm/ /bɪ’fɔr/ /‘ɛnɪwʌn/ /ɛls/ /ˈnotɪst/ /ɪt/
粉刷
to paint
/tə/ /pent/
粉刷(ed 形式)
painted
/ˈpentɪd/
被粉刷
be painted
/bi/ /ˈpentɪd/
(已经)被粉刷
has been painted
/hæz/ /bɪn/ /ˈpentɪd/
(过去已经)被粉刷
had been painted
/hæd/ /bɪn/ /ˈpentɪd/
那个房子
the house
/ðə/ /haʊs/
那个房子(过去已经)被粉刷
the house had been painted
/ðə/ /haʊs/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /ˈpentɪd/
搬
to move
/tə/ /muv/
搬(过去)
moved
/muvd/
他们搬(过去)
they moved
/ðe/ /muvd/
往里面
in
/ɪn/
他们搬(过去)进去
they moved in
/ðe/ /muvd/ /ɪn/
在……之前
before
/bɪ’fɔr/
2
在他们搬(过去)进去之前
before they moved in
/bɪ’fɔr/ /ðe/ /muvd/ /ɪn/
那个房子(过去已经)被粉刷
the house had been painted
/ðə/ /haʊs/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /ˈpentɪd/
在他们搬(过去)进去之前那个房子(过去已经)被粉刷
the house had been painted before they moved in
/ðə/ /haʊs/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /ˈpentɪd/ /bɪ’fɔr/ /ðe/ /muvd/ /ɪn/
建造
to build
/tə/ /bɪld/
建筑物
building
/‘bɪldɪŋ/
那个建筑物
the building
/ðə/ /‘bɪldɪŋ/
疏散
to evacuate
/tə/ /ɪˈvækjuet/
疏散(ed 形式)
evacuated
/ɪˈvækjuetɪd/
被疏散
be evacuated
/bi/ /ɪˈvækjuetɪd/
(过去已经)被疏散
had been evacuated
/hæd/ /bɪn/ /ɪˈvækjuetɪd/
那个建筑物(过去已经)被疏散
the building had been evacuated
/ðə/ /‘bɪldɪŋ/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /ɪˈvækjuetɪd/
火
fire
/ˈfaɪər/
蔓延
to spread
/tə/ /sprɛd/
蔓延(过去)
spread
/sprɛd/
火势蔓延(过去)
the fire spread
/ðə/ /ˈfaɪər/ /sprɛd/
在……之前
before
/bɪ’fɔr/
在火势蔓延(过去)之前
before the fire spread
/bɪ’fɔr/ /ðə/ /ˈfaɪər/ /sprɛd/
那个建筑物(过去已经)被疏散
the building had been evacuated
/ðə/ /‘bɪldɪŋ/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /ɪˈvækjuetɪd/
在火势蔓延(过去)之前那个建筑物(过去已经)被疏散
the building had been evacuated before the fire spread
/ðə/ /‘bɪldɪŋ/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /ɪˈvækjuetɪd/ /bɪ’fɔr/ /ðə/ /ˈfaɪər/ /sprɛd/
停车
to park
/tə/ /pɑrk/
停车(ed 形式)
parked
/pɑrkt/
(过去已经)被停
had been parked
/hæd/ /bɪn/ /pɑrkt/
那辆车
the car
/ðə/ /kɑr/
那辆车(过去已经)被停
the car had been parked
/ðə/ /kɑr/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /pɑrkt/
车库
garage
/ɡəˈrɑʒ/
在车库里
in the garage
/ɪn/ /ðə/ /ɡəˈrɑʒ/
那辆车(过去已经)被停在车库里
the car had been parked in the garage
/ðə/ /kɑr/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /pɑrkt/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /ɡəˈrɑʒ/
暴风雨
storm
/stɔrm/
在……之前
before
/bɪ’fɔr/
在暴风雨之前
before the storm
/bɪ’fɔr/ /ðə/ /stɔrm/
在暴风雨之前那辆车(过去已经)被停在车库里
the car had been parked in the garage before the storm
/ðə/ /kɑr/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /pɑrkt/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /ɡəˈrɑʒ/ /bɪ’fɔr/ /ðə/ /stɔrm/
建造
to constructe
/tə/ /kənˈstrʌkt/
建造(ed 形式)
constructed
/kənˈstrʌktɪd/
被建造
be constructed
/bi/ /kənˈstrʌktɪd/
(过去已经)被建造
had been constructed
/hæd/ /bɪn/ /kənˈstrʌktɪd/
那座桥
the bridge
/ðə/ /brɪdʒ/
那座桥(过去已经)被建造
the bridge had been constructed
/ðə/ /brɪdʒ/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /kənˈstrʌktɪd/
雨
rain
/ren/
多雨的
rainy
/‘reni/
3
季节
season
/‘sizn/
雨季
rainy season
/‘reni/ /‘sizn/
在……之前
before
/bɪ’fɔr/
在雨季之前
before the rainy season
/bɪ’fɔr/ /ðə/ /‘reni/ /‘sizn/
那座桥(过去已经)被建造
the bridge had been constructed
/ðə/ /brɪdʒ/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /kənˈstrʌktɪd/
在雨季之前那座桥(过去已经)被建造
the bridge had been constructed before the rainy season
/ðə/ /brɪdʒ/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /kənˈstrʌktɪd/ /bɪ’fɔr/ /ðə/ /‘reni/ /‘sizn/
纠正
to correct
/tə/ /kə’rɛkt/
纠正(ed 形式)
corrected
/kə’rɛktɪd/
被纠正
be corrected
/bi/ /kə’rɛktɪd/
(过去已经)被纠正
had been corrected
/hæd/ /bɪn/ /kə’rɛktɪd/
错误
error
/ˈɛrər/
那个错误(过去已经)被纠正
the error had been corrected
/ði/ /ˈɛrər/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /kə’rɛktɪd/
提交
to submit
/tə/ /səbˈmɪt/
提交(ed 形式)
submitted
/səbˈmɪtɪd/
被提交
be submitted
/bi/ /səbˈmɪtɪd/
报告
report
/rɪ’pɔrt/
那个报告(过去)被提交
the report was submitted
/ðə/ /rɪ’pɔrt/ /wəz/ /səbˈmɪtɪd/
在……之前
before
/bɪ’fɔr/
在那个报告(过去)被提交之前
before the report was submitted
/bɪ’fɔr/ /ðə/ /rɪ’pɔrt/ /wəz/ /səbˈmɪtɪd/
那个错误(过去已经)被纠正
the error had been corrected
/ði/ /ˈɛrər/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /kə’rɛktɪd/
在那个报告(过去)被提交之前那个错误(过去已经)被纠正
the error had been corrected before the report was submitted
/ði/ /ˈɛrər/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /kə’rɛktɪd/ /bɪ’fɔr/ /ðə/ /rɪ’pɔrt/ /wəz/ /səbˈmɪtɪd/
卖
to sell
/tə/ /sɛl/
卖光
to sell out
/tə/ /sɛl/ /aʊt/
卖光(ed 形式)
sold out
/sold/ /aʊt/
被卖光
be sold out
/bi/ /sold/ /aʊt/
(过去已经)被卖光了
had been sold out
/hæd/ /bɪn/ /sold/ /aʊt/
票
ticket
/‘tɪkɪt/
那些票
the tickets
/ðə/ /‘tɪkɪts/
那些票(过去已经)被卖光了
the tickets had been sold out
/ðə/ /‘tɪkɪts/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /sold/ /aʊt/
到达
to arrive
/tə/ /ə’raɪv/
达到(过去)
arrived
/ə’raɪvd/
我们到达(过去)
we arrived
/wi/ /ə’raɪvd/
时间
the time
/ðə/ /taɪm/
我们到达(过去)的时间
the time we arrived
/ðə/ /taɪm/ /wi/ /ə’raɪvd/
在我们到达(过去)的时间
by the time we arrived
/baɪ/ /ðə/ /taɪm/ /wi/ /ə’raɪvd/
那些票(过去已经)被卖光了
the tickets had been sold out
/ðə/ /‘tɪkɪts/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /sold/ /aʊt/
在我们到达(过去)的时间那些票
the tickets had been sold out by
/ðə/ /‘tɪkɪts/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /sold/ /aʊt/ /baɪ/
(过去已经)被卖光了
the time we arrived
/ðə/ /taɪm/ /wi/ /ə’raɪvd/
改变
to change
/tə/ /tʃendʒ/
改变(ed 形式)
changed
/tʃendʒd/
被改变
be changed
/bi/ /tʃendʒd/
4
(过去已经)被改变
had been changed
/hæd/ /bɪn/ /tʃendʒd/
密码
password
/ˈpæswɝd/
那个密码(过去已经)被改变
the password had been changed
/ðə/ /ˈpæswɝd/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /tʃendʒd/
非法入侵
to hack
/tə/ /hæk/
非法入侵(ed 形式)
hacked
/hækt/
被非法入侵
be hacked
/bi/ /hækt/
系统
system
/ˈsɪstəm/
系统被(过去)非法入侵
the system was hacked
/ðə/ /ˈsɪstəm/ /wəz/ /hækt/
在……之前
before
/bɪ’fɔr/
在系统被(过去)非法入侵之前
before the system was hacked
/bɪ’fɔr/ /ðə/ /ˈsɪstəm/ /wəz/ /hækt/
那个密码(过去已经)被改变
the password had been changed
/ðə/ /ˈpæswɝd/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /tʃendʒd/
在系统被(过去)非法入侵之前那个密码(过去已经)被改变
the password had been changed before the system was hacked
/ðə/ /ˈpæswɝd/ /hæd/ /bɪn/ /tʃendʒd/ /bɪ’fɔr/ /ðə/ /ˈsɪstəm/ /wəz/ /hækt/
5
| 中文 | 原形 | 第三人称单数 | 过去式 | ing形式 | ed形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 想要 | want | wants | wanted | wanting | wanted |
| 喜欢 | like | likes | liked | liking | liked |
| 有；(+to)不得不 | have | has | had | having | had |
| 计划 | plan | plans | planned | planning | planned |
| 需要 | need | needs | needed | needing | needed |
| 做 | do | does | did | doing | done |
| 告诉 | tell | tells | told | telling | told |
| 说话 | talk | talks | talked | talking | talked |
| 是 | be(am) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(is) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(are) | is | were | being | been |
| 看到 | see | sees | saw | seeing | seen |
| 吃 | eat | eats | ate | eating | eaten |
| 喝 | drink | drinks | drank | drinking | drunk |
| 知道 | know | knows | knew | knowing | known |
| 忘记 | forget | forgets | forgot | forgetting | forgotten |
| 失去 | lose | loses | lost | losing | lost |
| 离开 | leave | leaves | left | leaving | left |
| 睡觉 | sleep | sleeps | slept | sleeping | slept |
| 明白 | understand | understands | understood | understand | understood |
| 买 | buy | buys | bought | buying | bought |
| 洗 | wash | washes | washed | washing | washed |
| 打电话 | call | calls | called | calling | called |
| 帮助 | help | helps | helped | helping | helped |
| 相信 | believe | believes | believed | believing | believed |
| 学习 | study | studies | studied | studying | studied |
| 解释 | explain | explains | explained | explaining | explained |
| 问 | ask | asks | asked | asking | asked |
| 飞 | fly | flies | flew | flying | flown |
| 阅读 | read | reads | read | reading | read |
| 走路 | walk | walks | walked | walking | walked |
| 跳舞 | dance | dances | danced | dancing | danced |
| 回答 | answer | answers | answered | answering | answerwd |
| 工作 | work | works | worked | working | worked |
| 待在 | stay | stays | stayed | staying | stayed |
| 支付 | pay | pays | paid | paying | paid |
| 旅行 | travel | travels | traveled | traveling | traveled |
| 给 | give | gives | gave | giving | given |
| 达到 | get | gets | got | getting | got |
| 锁 | loke | locks | locked | locking | locked |
| 记得 | remember | remenbers | remembered | remembering | remembered |
| 清理 | clean | cleans | cleaned | cleaning | cleaned |
| 找到 | find | finds | found | finding | found |
| 关闭 | close | closes | closed | closing | closed |
| 教 | teach | teaches | taught | teaching | taught |
| 展示 | show | shows | showed | showing | shown |
| 让 | let | lets | let | letting | let |
| 休息 | rest | rests | rested | resting | rested |
| 用 | use | uses | used | using | used |
| 做饭 | cook | cooks | cooked | cooking | cooked |
| 去 | go | goes | went | going | gone |
| 决定 | decide | decides | decided | deciding | decided |
| 驾驶 | drive | drives | drove | driving | driven |
| 改变 | change | changes | changed | changing | changed |
| 尝试 | try | tries | tried | trying | tried |
| 停止 | stop | stops | Stopped | stopping | stopped |
| 参加 | join | joins | joined | joining | joined |
| 邀请 | invite | invites | invited | inviting | invited |
| 拒绝 | refuse | refuses | refused | refusing | refused |
| 接受 | accept | accepts | accepted | accepting | accepted |
| 学习 | learn | learns | learnt | learning | learnt |
| 完成 | finish | finishes | finished | finishing | finished |
| 看 | watch | watches | watched | watching | watched |
| 游泳 | swim | swims | swam | swimming | swum |
| 掌握 | master | masters | mastered | mastering | mastered |
| 购物 | shop | shops | shopped | shopping | shopped |
| 等待 | wait | waits | waited | waiting | waited |
| 讨论 | discuss | discusses | Discussed | discussing | discussed |
| 面对 | face | faces | faced | facing | faced |
| 解决 | solve | solves | solved | solving | solved |
| 疑惑 | wonder | wonders | wondered | wondering | wondered |
| 递给 | hand | hands | handed | handing | handed |
| 玩 | play | plays | played | playing | played |
| 跑 | run | runs | ran | running | run |
| 挑战 | challenge | challenges | challenged | challenging | challenged |
| 希望 | hope | hopes | hoped | hoping | hoped |
| 见到 | meet | meets | met | meeting | met |
| 打开 | open | opens | opened | opening | opened |
| 认为 | think | thinks | thought | thinking | thought |
| 说话 | speak | speaks | spoke | speaking | spoken |
| 看 | look | looks | looked | looking | looked |
| 听 | hear | hears | heard | hearing | heard |
| 强迫 | force | forces | forced | forcing | forced |
| 操作 | handle | handles | handled | handling | handled |
| 握 | hold | holds | held | holding | held |
| 做 | make | makes | made | making | made |
| 承诺 | promise | promises | promised | promising | promised |
| 保持 | keep | keeps | kept | keeping | kept |
| 钓鱼 | fish | fishes | fished | fishing | fished |
| 保存 | save | saves | saved | saving | saved |
| 注意到 | notice | notices | noticed | noticing | noticed |
| 退出 | quit | quits | quit/quitted | quitting | quit/quitted |
| 抽烟 | smoke | smokes | smoked | smoking | smoked |
| 更喜欢 | prefer | prefers | preferred | preferring | preferred |
| 爱 | love | loves | loved | loving | Loved |
| 打破 | break | breaks | broke | breaking | broken |
| 享受 | enjoy | enjoys | enjoyed | enjoying | enjoyed |
| 练习 | practice | practices | practiced | practicing | practiced |
| 改善 | improve | improves | improved | improving | improved |
| 分享 | share | shares | shaed | sharing | shared |
| 假装 | pretend | pretends | pretended | pretending | pretended |
| 撒谎 | lie | lies | lied | lying | lied |
| 否认 | deny | denies | denied | denying | denied |
| 作画 | paint | paints | painted | painting | painted |
| 偷 | steal | steals | stole | stealing | stolen |
| 承认 | admit | admits | admitted | admitting | admitted |
| 避免 | avoid | avoids | avoided | avoiding | avoided |
| 感觉 | feel | feels | felt | feeling | felt |
| 复制 | copy | copies | copied | copying | copied |
| 保持 | maintain | maintains | maintained | maintaining | maintained |
| 伤害 | hurt | hurts | hurt | hurting | hurt |
| 乘坐 | take | takes | took | taking | taken |
| 保护 | protect | protects | protected | protecting | protected |
| 允许 | permit | permits | permitted | permitting | permitted |
| 禁止 | prohibit | prohibits | prohibited | prohibiting | prohibited |
| 笑 | laugh | laughs | laughed | laughing | laughed |
| 唱歌 | sing | sings | sang | singing | sung |
| 沉浸 | immerse | immerses | immersed | immersing | immersed |
| 骑自行车 | cycle | cycles | cycled | cycling | cycled |
| 参加 | attend | attends | attended | attending | attended |
| 举起 | lift | lifts | lifted | lifting | lifted |
| 设法做到 | manage | manges | managed | managing | managed |
| 写 | write | writes | wrote | writing | written |
| 克服 | overcome | overcome | overcame | overcoming | overcome |
| 访问 | visit | visits | visited | visiting | visited |
| 居住 | live | lives | lived | living | lived |
| 遗弃 | abandon | abandons | abandoned | abandoning | abandoned |
| 修理 | fix | fixes | fixed | fixing | fixed |
| 收到 | receive | receives | received | receiving | received |
| 装饰 | decorate | decorates | decorated | decorating | decorated |
| 搬家 | move | moves | moved | moving | moved |
| 设计 | design | designs | designed | designing | designed |
| 达到 | arrive | arrives | arrived | arriving | arrived |
| 改编 | adapt | adapts | adapted | adapting | adapted |
| 出生 | bear | bears | bore | bearing | born |
| 发送 | send | sends | sent | sending | sent |
| 出版 | publish | publishes | published | publishing | published |
| 建造 | construct | constructs | constructed | constructing | constructed |
| 修复 | repair | repairs | repaired | repairing | repaired |
| 宣布 | announce | announces | announced | announcing | announced |
| 翻译 | translate | translates | translated | translating | translated |
| 疏散 | evacuate | evacuates | evacuated | evacuating | evacuated |
| 蔓延 | spread | spreads | spread | spreading | spread |
| 停车 | park | parks | parked | parking | parked |
| 纠正 | correct | corrects | corrected | correcting | correct |
| 提交 | submit | submits | submitted | submitting | submitted |
| 卖 | sell | sells | sold | selling | sold |
| 非法入侵 | hack | hacks | hacked | hacking | hacked |
在客人（过去）到达的时间，晚餐（过去已经）被准备好了。
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