英语笔记（五十五）
1
在上一课中，我们学习了一个非常重要的语法结构，叫做主语从
句，也就是用“what + 句子”这个结构来代替原本的主语名词。通过这个
结构，我们可以把一句完整的话当作一个“东西”来表达。
在第 55 课中，我们将在这个基础上继续升级——把“what”后面的
内容变得更复杂一些，尝试使用各种时态，比如：
现在进行时：What I’m looking for is a new challenge.
过去进行时：What he was doing at midnight is still a mystery.
现在完成时：What I’ve learned is valuable.
现在完成进行时：What she has been doing is none of your
business.
通过这些例句你会发现，不管句子多复杂，只要牢牢记住结构是
“What + 一整句话”，然后加上“is + 某个结果”，你就能清楚地表达：
“我正在做/学/想的事情，是……”
“他之前正在做的事情，是……”
“我们一直在进行的，是……”
2
这一课的目标就是：让你能灵活地在主语从句中嵌入各种英文时
态，把复杂的动作、状态、经历，都能打包成一句主语，从容说出口！
3
中文
英文
K.K.音标
看
to look
/tə/ /lʊk/
寻找
to look for
/tə/ /lʊk/ /fɝ/
寻找（ing 形式）
looking for
/ˈlʊkɪŋ/ /fɝ/
正在寻找
be looking for
/bi/ /ˈlʊkɪŋ/ /fɝ/
我正在寻找
I am looking for
/aɪ/ /æm/ /ˈlʊkɪŋ/ /fɝ/
什么
what /wɑt/
我正在寻找的东西
what I’m looking for
/wɑt/ /aɪ/ /æm/ /ˈlʊkɪŋ/ /fɝ/
挑战
challenge
/‘tʃælɪndʒ/
新的
new
/nu/
一个新的挑战
a new challenge
/ə/ /nu/ /‘tʃælɪndʒ/
我正在寻找的东西是一个新的挑战
what I’m looking for is a new challenge
/wɑt/ /aɪ/ /æm/ /ˈlʊkɪŋ/ /fɝ/ /ɪz/ /ə/ /nu/ /‘tʃælɪndʒ/
完成
to finish
/tə/ /‘fɪnɪʃ/
完成（ed 形式）
finished
/‘fɪnɪʃt/
已经完成
have finished
/hæv/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/
我已经完成
I have finished
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/
项目
project
/ˈprɑdʒɛkt/
最后
last
/læst/
最后的项目
the last project
/ðə/ /læst/ /ˈprɑdʒɛkt/
我已经完成了最后的项目
I have finished the last project
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /ðə/ /læst/ /ˈprɑdʒɛkt/
我正在寻找的东西是一个新的挑战
what I’m looking for is a new challenge
/wɑt/ /aɪ/ /æm/ /ˈlʊkɪŋ/ /fɝ/ /ɪz/ /ə/ /nu/ /‘tʃælɪndʒ/
我已经完成了最后的项目，所以我正在寻找的东西是一个新的挑战
I have finished the last project, so what I’m looking for is a new challenge.
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /ðə/ /læst/ /ˈprɑdʒɛkt/ /so/ /wɑt/ /aɪ/ /æm/ /ˈlʊkɪŋ/ /fɝ/ /ɪz/ /ə/ /nu/ /‘tʃælɪndʒ/
正在做
be doing
/bi/ /ˈduɪŋ/
他（现在）正在做
he is doing
/hi/ /ɪz/ /ˈduɪŋ/
他（过去）正在做
he was doing
/hi/ /wəz/ /ˈduɪŋ/
什么
what
/wɑt/
他（过去）正在做的事情
what he was doing
/wɑt/ /hi/ /wəz/ /ˈduɪŋ/
晚上
night
/naɪt/
午夜
midnight
/‘mɪdnaɪt/
在午夜
at midnight
/ət/ /‘mɪdnaɪt/
他（过去）正在做的事情
what he was doing
/wɑt/ /hi/ /wəz/ /ˈduɪŋ/
他在午夜正在做的事情
what he was doing at midnight
/wɑt/ /hi/ /wəz/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /ət/ /‘mɪdnaɪt/
谜
mystery
/‘mɪstəri/
一个谜
a mystery
/ə/ /‘mɪstəri/
他在午夜正在做的事情是一个谜
what he was doing at midnight is a mystery
/wɑt/ /hi/ /wəz/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /ət/ /‘mɪdnaɪt/ /ɪz/ /ə/ /‘mɪstəri/
仍然
still
/stɪl/
他在午夜正在做的事情仍然是
what he was doing at midnight
/wɑt/ /hi/ /wəz/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /ət/ /‘mɪdnaɪt/
4
一个谜
is still a mystery
/ɪz/ /stɪl/ /ə/ /‘mɪstəri/
拒绝
to refuse
/tə/ /ri’fjuz/
他拒绝
he refuses
/hi/ /ri’fjuzɪz/
谈论
to talk
/tə/ /tɔk/
他拒绝谈论
he refuses to talk
/hi/ /ri’fjuzɪz/ /tə/ /tɔk/
关于
about
/ə’baʊt/
他拒绝谈论此事
he refuses to talk about it
/hi/ /ri’fjuzɪz/ /tə/ /tɔk/ /ə’baʊt/ /ɪt/
而且他拒绝谈论此事
and he refuses to talk about it
/ənd/ /hi/ /ri’fjuzɪz/ /tə/ /tɔk/ /ə’baʊt/ /ɪt/
他在午夜正在做的事情仍然是一个谜
what he was doing at midnight is still a mystery
/wɑt/ /hi/ /wəz/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /ət/ /‘mɪdnaɪt/ /ɪz/ /stɪl/ /ə/ /‘mɪstəri/
他在午夜正在做的事情仍然是一个谜，而且他拒绝谈论此事
what he was doing at midnight is still a mystery, and he refuses to talk about it
/wɑt/ /hi/ /wəz/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /ət/ /‘mɪdnaɪt/ /ɪz/ /stɪl/ /ə/ /‘mɪstəri/ /ənd/ /hi/ /ri’fjuzɪz/ /tə/ /tɔk/ /ə’baʊt/ /ɪt/
试图
to try
/tə/ /traɪ/
试图（ing 形式）
trying
/‘traɪɪŋ/
我正在试图
I am trying
/aɪ/ /æm/ /‘traɪɪŋ/
我正在试图
I’m trying
/aɪm/ /‘traɪɪŋ/
说
to say
/tə/ /se/
我正在试图说
I’m trying to say
/aɪm/ /‘traɪɪŋ/ /tə/ /se/
什么
what
/wɑt/
我正在试图说的内容
what I’m trying to say
/wɑt/ /aɪm/ /‘traɪɪŋ/ /tə/ /se/
需要
to need
/tə/ /nid/
我需要
I need
/aɪ/ /nid/
帮助
help
/hɛlp/
你的
your
/jʊr/
你的帮助
your help
/jʊr/ /hɛlp/
我需要你的帮助
I need your help
/aɪ/ /nid/ /jʊr/ /hɛlp/
我正在试图说的内容
what I’m trying to say
/wɑt/ /aɪm/ /‘traɪɪŋ/ /tə/ /se/
我正在试图说的内容是我需要你的帮助
what I’m trying to say is I need your help
/wɑt/ /aɪm/ /‘traɪɪŋ/ /tə/ /se/ /ɪz/ /aɪ/ /nid/ /jʊr/ /hɛlp/
打断
to interrupt
/tə/ /ɪntə’rʌpt/
抱歉
sorry
/‘sɑri/
不好意思打断一下
sorry to interrupt
/‘sɑri/ /tə/ /ɪntə’rʌpt/
我正在试图说的内容是我需要你的帮助
what I’m trying to say is I need your help
/wɑt/ /aɪm/ /‘traɪɪŋ/ /tə/ /se/ /ɪz/ /aɪ/ /nid/ /jʊr/ /hɛlp/
不好意思打断一下，但是我正在试图说的内容是我需要你的帮助
sorry to interrupt, but what I’m trying to say is I need your help.
/‘sɑri/ /tə/ /ɪntə’rʌpt/ /bʌt/ /wɑt/ /aɪm/ /‘traɪɪŋ/ /tə/ /se/ /ɪz/ /aɪ/ /nid/ /jʊr/ /hɛlp/
学习
to learn
/tə/ /lɝn/
学习（ed 形式）
learned
/lɝnd/
已经学到
have learned
/hæv/ /lɝnd/
我已经学到
I have learned
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /lɝnd/
我已经学到的东西
what I have learned
/wɑt/ /aɪ/ /hæv/ /lɝnd/
5
价值
value
/‘vælju/
有价值的
valuable
/‘væljuəbl/
我已经学到的东西是有价值的
what I have learned is valuable
/wɑt/ /aɪ/ /hæv/ /lɝnd/ /ɪz/ /‘væljuəbl/
做
to make
/tə/ /mek/
做（ed 形式）
made
/med/
已经做
have made
/hæv/ /med/
我已经做
I have made
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /med/
错误
mistake
/mɪ’stek/
一些
some
/səm/
一些错误
some mistakes
/səm/ /mɪ’steks/
我已经犯了一些错误
I have made some mistakes
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /med/ /səm/ /mɪ’steks/
我已经学到的东西是有价值的
what I have learned is valuable
/wɑt/ /aɪ/ /hæv/ /lɝnd/ /ɪz/ /‘væljuəbl/
我已经犯了一些错误，但是我已经学到的东西是有价值的
I have made some mistakes, but what I have learned is valuable
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /med/ /səm/ /mɪ’steks/ /bʌt/ /wɑt/ /aɪ/ /hæv/ /lɝnd/ /ɪz/ /‘væljuəbl/
修
to fix
/tə/ /fɪks/
修（ed 形式）
fixed
/fɪkst/
被修
be fixed
/bi/ /fɪkst/
需要
to need
/tə/ /nid/
它需要
it needs
/ɪt/ /nidz/
它需要被修
it needs to be fixed
/ɪt/ /nidz/ /tə/ /bi/ /fɪkst/
什么
what
/wɑt/
需要被修的东西
what needs to be fixed
/wɑt/ /nidz/ /tə/ /bi/ /fɪkst/
加热
to heat
/tə/ /hit/
加热（ing 形式）
heating
/‘hitɪŋ/
系统
system
/ˈsɪstəm/
供暖系统
the heating system
/ðə/ /‘hitɪŋ/ /ˈsɪstəm/
需要被修的东西
what needs to be fixed
/wɑt/ /nidz/ /tə/ /bi/ /fɪkst/
需要被修的东西是供暖系统
what needs to be fixed is the heating system
/wɑt/ /nidz/ /tə/ /bi/ /fɪkst/ /ɪz/ /ðə/ /‘hitɪŋ/ /ˈsɪstəm/
这个房子
the house
/ðə/ /haʊs/
看
to look
/tə/ /lʊk/
这个房子看起来
the house looks
/ðə/ /haʊs/ /lʊks/
很好
fine
/faɪn/
这个房子看起来很好
the house looks fine
/ðə/ /haʊs/ /lʊks/ /faɪn/
外
out
/aʊt/
面
side
/saɪd/
外面
outside
/aʊt’saɪd/
在外面
on the outside
/ɑn/ /ði/ /aʊt’saɪd/
这个房子在外面看起来很好
the house looks fine on the outside
/ðə/ /haʊs/ /lʊks/ /faɪn/ /ɑn/ /ði/ /aʊt’saɪd/
尽管
although
/ɔlˈðo/
尽管这个放在在外面看起来很
although the house looks fine
/ɔlˈðo/ /ðə/ /haʊs/ /lʊks/ /faɪn/ /ɑn/ /ði/
6
好
on the outside
/aʊt’saɪd/
需要被修的东西是供暖系统
what needs to be fixed is the heating system
/wɑt/ /nidz/ /tə/ /bi/ /fɪkst/ /ɪz/ /ðə/ /‘hitɪŋ/ /ˈsɪstəm/
尽管这个放在在外面看起来很好，需要被修的东西是供暖系统
although the house looks fine on the outside, what needs to be fixed is the heating system
/ɔlˈðo/ /ðə/ /haʊs/ /lʊks/ /faɪn/ /ɑn/ /ði/ /aʊt’saɪd/ /wɑt/ /nidz/ /tə/ /bi/ /fɪkst/ /ɪz/ /ðə/ /‘hitɪŋ/ /ˈsɪstəm/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
她一直在做
she has been doing
/ʃi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
她一直在做的事情
what she has been doing
/wɑt/ /ʃi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
事情
business
/‘bɪznəs/
你的事情
your business
/jʊr/ /‘bɪznəs/
没有
none
/nʌn/
不关你的事
none of your business
/nʌn/ /əv/ /jʊr/ /‘bɪznəs/
她一直在做的事情
what she has been doing
/wɑt/ /ʃi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
她一直在做的事情与你无关
what she has been doing is none of your business
/wɑt/ /ʃi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /ɪz/ /nʌn/ /əv/ /jʊr/ /‘bɪznəs/
有
to have
/tə/ /hæv/
你有
you have
/ju/ /hæv/
可以
can
/kæn/
你可以有
you can have
/ju/ /kæn/ /hæv/
看法
opinion
/ə’pɪnjən/
你的看法
your opinions
/jʊr/ /ə’pɪnjənz/
你可以有你的看法
you can have your opinions
/ju/ /kæn/ /hæv/ /jʊr/ /ə’pɪnjənz/
她一直在做的事情与你无关
what she has been doing is none of your business
/wɑt/ /ʃi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /ɪz/ /nʌn/ /əv/ /jʊr/ /‘bɪznəs/
你可以有你的看法，但是她一直在做的事情与你无关
you can have your opinions, but what she has been doing is none of your business.
/ju/ /kæn/ /hæv/ /jʊr/ /ə’pɪnjənz/ /bʌt/ /wɑt/ /ʃi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /ɪz/ /nʌn/ /əv/ /jʊr/ /‘bɪznəs/
7
| 中文 | 原形 | 第三人称单数 | 过去式 | ing 形式 | ed形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 想要 | want | wants | wanted | wanting | wanted |
| 喜欢 | like | likes | liked | liking | liked |
| 有；（＋to）不得不 | have | has | had | having | had |
| 计划 | plan | plans | planned | planning | planned |
| 需要 | need | needs | needed | needing | needed |
| 做 | do | does | did | doing | done |
| 告诉 | tell | tells | told | telling | told |
| 说话 | talk | talks | talked | talking | talked |
| 是 | be(am) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(is) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(are) | is | were | being | been |
| 看到 | see | sees | saw | seeing | seen |
| 吃 | eat | eats | ate | eating | eaten |
| 喝 | drink | drinks | drank | drinking | drunk |
| 知道 | know | knows | knew | knowing | known |
| 忘记 | forget | forgets | forgot | forgetting | forgotten |
| 失去 | lose | loses | lost | losing | lost |
| 离开 | leave | leaves | left | leaving | left |
| 睡觉 | sleep | sleeps | slept | sleeping | slept |
| 明白 | understand | understands | understood | understanding | understood |
| 买 | buy | buys | bought | buying | bought |
| 洗 | wash | washes | washed | washing | washed |
| 打电话 | call | calls | called | calling | called |
| 帮助 | help | helps | helped | helping | helped |
| 相信 | believe | believes | believed | believing | believed |
| 学习 | study | studies | studied | studying | studied |
| 解释 | explain | explains | explained | explaining | explained |
| 问 | ask | asks | asked | asking | asked |
| 飞 | fly | flies | flew | flying | flown |
| 阅读 | read | reads | read | reading | read |
| 走路 | walk | walks | walked | walking | walked |
| 跳舞 | dance | dances | danced | dancing | danced |
| 回答 | answer | answers | answered | answering | answered |
| 工作 | work | works | worked | working | worked |
| 待在 | stay | stays | stayed | staying | stayed |
| 支付 | pay | pays | paid | paying | paid |
| 旅行 | travel | travels | traveled | traveling | traveled |
| 给 | give | gives | gave | giving | given |
| 到达 | get | gets | got | getting | got |
| 锁 | lock | locks | locked | locking | locked |
| 记得 | remember | remembers | remembered | remembering | remembered |
| 清理 | clean | cleans | cleaned | cleaning | cleaned |
| 找到 | find | finds | found | finding | found |
| 关闭 | close | closes | closed | closing | closed |
| 教 | teach | teaches | taught | teaching | taught |
| 展示 | show | shows | showed | showing | shown |
| 让 | let | lets | let | letting | let |
| 休息 | rest | rests | rested | resting | rested |
| 用 | use | uses | used | using | used |
| 做饭 | cook | cooks | cooked | cooking | cooked |
| 去 | go | goes | went | going | gone |
| 决定 | decide | decides | decided | deciding | decided |
| 驾驶 | drive | drives | drove | driving | driven |
| 改变 | change | changes | changed | changing | changed |
| 尝试 | try | tries | tried | trying | tried |
| 停止 | stop | stops | stopped | stopping | stopped |
| 参加 | join | joins | joined | joining | joined |
| 邀请 | invite | invites | invited | inviting | invited |
| 拒绝 | refuse | refuses | refused | refusing | refused |
| 接受 | accept | accepts | accepted | accepting | accepted |
| 学习 | learn | learns | learnt/learned | learning | learnt/learned |
| 完成 | finish | finishes | finished | finishing | finished |
| 看 | watch | watches | watched | watching | watched |
| 游泳 | swim | swims | swam | swimming | swum |
| 掌握 | master | masters | mastered | mastering | mastered |
| 购物 | shop | shops | shopped | shopping | shopped |
| 等待 | wait | waits | waited | waiting | waited |
| 讨论 | discuss | discusses | discussed | discussing | discussed |
| 面对 | face | faces | faced | facing | faced |
| 解决 | solve | solves | solved | solving | solved |
| 疑惑 | wonder | wonders | wondered | wondering | wondered |
| 递给 | hand | hands | handed | handing | handed |
| 玩 | play | plays | played | playing | played |
| 跑 | run | runs | ran | running | run |
| 挑战 | challenge | challenges | challenged | challenging | challenged |
| 希望 | hope | hopes | hoped | hoping | hoped |
| 见到 | meet | meets | met | meeting | met |
| 打开 | open | opens | opened | opening | opened |
| 认为 | think | thinks | thought | thinking | thought |
| 说话 | speak | speaks | spoke | speaking | spoken |
| 看 | look | looks | looked | looking | looked |
| 听 | hear | hears | heard | hearing | heard |
| 强迫 | force | forces | forced | forcing | forced |
| 操作 | handle | handles | handled | handling | handled |
| 握 | hold | holds | held | holding | held |
| 做 | make | makes | made | making | made |
| 承诺 | promise | promises | promised | promising | promised |
| 保持 | keep | keeps | kept | keeping | kept |
| 钓鱼 | fish | fishes | fished | fishing | fished |
| 保存 | save | saves | saved | saving | saved |
| 注意到 | notice | notices | noticed | noticing | noticed |
| 退出 | quit | quits | quit/quitted | quitting | quit/quitted |
| 抽烟 | smoke | smokes | smoked | smoking | smoked |
| 更喜欢 | prefer | prefers | preferred | preferring | preferred |
| 爱 | love | loves | loved | loving | loved |
| 打破 | break | breaks | broke | breaking | broken |
| 享受 | enjoy | enjoys | enjoyed | enjoying | enjoyed |
| 练习 | practice | practices | practiced | practicing | practiced |
| 改善 | improve | improves | improved | improving | improved |
| 分享 | share | shares | shared | sharing | shared |
| 假装 | pretend | pretends | pretended | pretending | pretended |
| 撒谎 | lie | lies | lied | lying | lied |
| 否认 | deny | denies | denied | denying | denied |
| 作画 | paint | paints | painted | painting | painted |
| 偷 | steal | steals | stole | stealing | stolen |
| 承认 | admit | admits | admitted | admitting | admitted |
| 避免 | avoid | avoids | avoided | avoiding | avoided |
| 感觉 | feel | feels | felt | feeling | felt |
| 复制 | copy | copies | copied | copying | copied |
| 保持 | maintain | maintains | maintained | maintaining | maintained |
| 伤害 | hurt | hurts | hurt | hurting | hurt |
| 乘坐 | take | takes | took | taking | taken |
| 保护 | protect | protects | protected | protecting | protected |
| 允许 | permit | permits | permitted | permitting | permitted |
| 禁止 | prohibit | prohibits | prohibited | prohibiting | prohibited |
| 笑 | laugh | laughs | laughed | laughing | laughed |
| 唱歌 | sing | sings | sang | singing | sung |
| 沉浸 | immerse | immerses | immersed | immersing | immersed |
| 骑自行车 | cycle | cycles | cycled | cycling | cycled |
| 参加 | attend | attends | attended | attending | attended |
| 举起 | lift | lifts | lifted | lifting | lifted |
| 设法做到 | manage | manages | managed | managing | managed |
| 写 | write | writes | wrote | writing | written |
| 克服 | overcome | overcomes | overcame | overcoming | overcome |
| 访问 | visit | visits | visited | visiting | visited |
| 居住 | live | lives | lived | living | lived |
| 遗弃 | abandon | abandons | abandoned | abandoning | abandoned |
| 修理 | fix | fixes | fixed | fixing | fixed |
| 收到 | receive | receives | received | receiving | received |
| 装饰 | decorate | decorates | decorated | decorating | decorated |
| 搬家 | move | moves | moved | moving | moved |
| 设计 | design | designs | designed | designing | designed |
| 达到 | arrive | arrives | arrived | arriving | arrived |
| 改编 | adapt | adapts | adapted | adapting | adapted |
| 出生 | bear | bears | bore | bearing | born |
| 发送 | send | sends | sent | sending | sent |
| 出版 | publish | publishes | published | publishing | published |
| 建造 | construct | constructs | constructed | constructing | constructed |
| 修复 | repair | repairs | repaired | repairing | repaired |
| 宣布 | announce | announces | announced | announcing | announced |
| 翻译 | translate | translates | translated | translating | translated |
| 疏散 | evacuate | evacuates | evacuated | evacuating | evacuated |
| 蔓延 | spread | spreads | spread | spreading | spread |
| 停车 | park | parks | parked | parking | parked |
| 纠正 | correct | corrects | corrected | correcting | correct |
| 提交 | submit | submits | submitted | submitting | submitted |
| 卖 | sell | sells | sold | selling | sold |
| 非法入侵 | hack | hacks | hacked | hacking | hacked |
| 准备 | prepare | prepares | prepared | preparing | prepared |
| 返回 | return | returns | returned | returning | returned |
| 集合 | assemble | assembles | assembled | assembling | assembled |
| 浇水 | water | waters | watered | watering | watered |
| 完成 | complete | completes | completed | completing | completed |
| 讨厌 | hate | hates | hated | hating | hated |
| 醒 | wake | wakes | woke | waking | woken/waked |
| 害怕 | fear | fears | feared | fearing | feared |
| 打断 | interrupt | interrupts | interrupted | interrupting | interrupted |
| 加热 | heat | heats | heated | heating | heated |
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本站主要记录一些个人所学的内容。