英语笔记（四十四）
上一节课我们学习了现在完成的时态，表达的是对于“现在”这个时
间点来说，已经“完成”的动作状态，时间和状态相结合共同表达现在完
成的时态，使用的是 have+done 的形式来表达的。“现在完成”在中文里
的含义可以表达为“已经做了”某件事情，因此我们可以把英文的
have+done 中的“have”单独翻译为“已经”。
这节课我们介入的第一个知识点是“现在完成”时态的否定，否定形
式非常简单，只需要在 have 的后面添加 not 就可以，have not 缩写为
haven’t，haven’t+done 所表达的就是现在完成时的否定。在中文里理
解为还没有做某件事情，因此 haven’t 就可以翻译为“还没有”。注意这
里不可以在 have 的后面添加 don’t，这是因为 don’t 本身就是 do 和 not
的结合，do 和 have 是相同的功能。第二个知识点是当主语是第三人称
单数的时候，have 也要跟随人称发生变化，变成 has，has+done，如果
想要否定就使用 hasn’t+done。
1
中文
英文
K.K.音标
解决
to solve
/tə/ /sɑlv/
解决办法
solution
/səˈluʃn/
那个问题
the problem
/ðə/ /‘prɑbləm/
那个问题的一个解决办法
a solution to the problem
/ə/ /səˈluʃn/ /tə/ /ðə/ /‘prɑbləm/
找到
to find
/tə/ /faɪnd/
找到(ed 形式)
found
/faʊnd/
(已经)找到
have found
/hæv/ /faʊnd/
我们(已经)找到
we have found
/wi/ /hæv/ /faʊnd/
我们(已经)找到那个问题的一个解决办法
we have found a solution to the problem
/wi/ /hæv/ /faʊnd/ /ə/ /səˈluʃn/ /tə/ /ðə/ /‘prɑbləm/
还没有
haven’t
/ˈhævnt/
我们(还没有)找到那个问题的一个解决办法
we haven’t found a solution to the problem
/wi/ /ˈhævnt/ /faʊnd/ /ə/ /səˈluʃn/ /tə/ /ðə/ /‘prɑbləm/
参观
to visit
/tə/ /‘vɪzɪt/
参观(ed 形式)
visited
/‘vɪzɪtɪd/
他们(已经)参观过
they have visited
/ðe/ /hæv/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/
博物馆
museum
/mjuˈziəm/
那个博物馆
that museum
/ðæt/ /mjuˈziəm/
他们(已经)参观过那个博物馆
they have visited that museum
/ðe/ /hæv/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/ /ðæt/ /mjuˈziəm/
两次
twice
/twaɪs/
他们(已经)参观过那个博物馆两次
they have visited that museum twice
/ðe/ /hæv/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/ /ðæt/ /mjuˈziəm/ /twaɪs/
遗弃
to abandon
/tə/ /əˈbændən/
遗弃(ed 形式)
abandoned
/ə’bændənd/
被遗弃了
be abandoned
/bi/ /ə’bændənd/
那个博物馆
that museum
/ðæt/ /mjuˈziəm/
那个博物馆被遗弃了
that museum is abandoned
/ðæt/ /mjuˈziəm/ /ɪz/ /ə’bændənd/
被遗弃了的
abandoned
/ə’bændənd/
那个博物馆
that museum
/ðæt/ /mjuˈziəm/
那个被遗弃的博物馆
that abandoned museum
/ðæt/ /ə’bændənd/ /mjuˈziəm/
他们(已经)参观过那个被遗弃的博物馆两次
they have visited that abandoned museum twice
/ðe/ /hæv/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/ /ðæt/ /ə’bændənd/ /mjuˈziəm/ /twaɪs/
年
year
/jɪr/
今年
this year
/ðɪs/ /jɪr/
他们今年(已经)参观过那个被遗弃的博物馆两次
they have visited that abandoned museum twice this year
/ðe/ /hæv/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/ /ðæt/ /ə’bændənd/ /mjuˈziəm/ /twaɪs/ /ðɪs/ /jɪr/
许多
many
/‘mɛni/
次数
time
/taɪm/
多次
many times
/‘mɛni/ /taɪmz/
他们(已经)参观过那个被遗弃的博物馆多次
they have visited that abandoned museum many times
/ðe/ /hæv/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/ /ðæt/ /ə’bændənd/ /mjuˈziəm/ /‘mɛni/ /taɪmz/
2
还没有
haven’t
/ˈhævnt/
他们(还没)参观过那个博物馆
they haven’t visited that museum
/ðe/ /ˈhævnt/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/ /ðæt/ /mjuˈziəm/
以前
before
/bɪ’fɔr/
他们以前(还没有)参观过那个博物馆
they haven’t visited that museum before
/ðe/ /ˈhævnt/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/ /ðæt/ /mjuˈziəm/ /bɪ’fɔr/
地
land
/lænd/
标志
mark
/mɑrk/
地标
landmark
/ˈlændmɑrk/
有名的
famous
/‘feməs/
最
the most
/ðə/ /most/
最有名的
the most famous
/ðə/ /most/ /‘feməs/
最有名的地标
the most famous landmark
/ðə/ /most/ /‘feməs/ /ˈlændmɑrk/
他们(已经)参观过
they have visited
/ðe/ /hæv/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/
他们(已经)参观过那个最有名的地标
they have visited the most famous landmark
/ðe/ /hæv/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/ /ðə/ /most/ /‘feməs/ /ˈlændmɑrk/
还没有
haven’t
/ˈhævnt/
他们(还没有)参观过
they haven’t visited
/ðe/ /ˈhævnt/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/
他们(还没有)参观过那个最有名的地标
they haven’t visited the most famous landmark
/ðe/ /ˈhævnt/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/ /ðə/ /most/ /‘feməs/ /ˈlændmɑrk/
以前
before
/bɪ’fɔr/
他们以前(还没有)参观过那个最有名的地标
they haven’t visited the most famous landmark before
/ðe/ /ˈhævnt/ /‘vɪzɪtɪd/ /ðə/ /most/ /‘feməs/ /ˈlændmɑrk/ /bɪ’fɔr/
那个餐厅
the restaurant
/ðe/ /‘rɛstrɑnt/
新的
new
/nu/
那个新餐厅
the new restaurant
/ðə/ /nu/ /‘rɛstrɑnt/
城镇
town
/taʊn/
在镇上
in town
/ɪn/ /taʊn/
在镇上的那家新餐厅
the new restaurant in town
/ðə/ /nu/ /‘rɛstrɑnt/ /ɪn/ /taʊn/
尝试
to try
/tə/ /traɪ/
尝试(ed 形式)
tried
/traɪd/
(已经)尝试了
have tried
/hæv/ /traɪd/
我们(已经)尝试了
we have tried
/wi/ /hæv/ /traɪd/
我们(已经)尝试了在镇上的那
we have tried the new restaurant
/wi/ /hæv/ /traɪd/ /ðə/ /nu/ /‘rɛstrɑnt/
家新餐厅
in town
/ɪn/ /taʊn/
还没有
haven’t
/ˈhævnt/
我们(还没有)尝试在镇上的那家新餐厅
we haven’t tried the new restaurant in town
/wi/ /ˈhævnt/ /traɪd/ /ðə/ /nu/ /‘rɛstrɑnt/ /ɪn/ /taʊn/
见
to meet
/tə/ /mit/
见(ed 形式)
met
/mɛt/
(已经)见过
have met
/hæv/ /mɛt/
他们(已经)见过
they have met
/ðe/ /hæv/ /mɛt/
邻居
neighbor
/ˈnebɚ/
新的邻居
new neighbor
/nu/ /ˈnebɚ/
3
他们的
their
/ðɛr/
他们的新邻居
their new neighbors
/ðɛr/ /nu/ /ˈnebɚ/
他们(已经)见过
they have met
/ðe/ /hæv/ /mɛt/
他们(已经)见过他们的新邻居
they have met their new neighbors
/ðe/ /hæv/ /mɛt/ /ðɛr/ /nu/ /ˈnebɚ/
还没有
haven’t
/ˈhævnt/
他们(还没有)见过他们的新邻居
they haven’t met their new neighbors
/ðe/ /ˈhævnt/ /mɛt/ /ðɛr/ /nu/ /ˈnebɚ/
参加
to attend
/tə/ /əˈtɛnd/
参加(ed 形式)
attended
/əˈtɛndɪd/
她(已经)参加过
she has attended
/ʃi/ /hæz/ /əˈtɛndɪd/
课程
class
/klæs/
瑜伽
yoga
/ˈjoɡə/
一个瑜伽课程
a yoga class
/ə/ /ˈjoɡə/ /klæs/
她(已经)参加过一个瑜伽课程
she has attend a yoga class
/ʃi/ /hæz/ /əˈtɛndɪd/ /ə/ /ˈjoɡə/ /klæs/
还没有
hasn’t
/ˈhæzənt/
她(还没)参加过一个瑜伽课程
she hasn’t attended a yoga class
/ʃi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /əˈtɛndɪd/ /ə//ˈjoɡə/ /klæs/
以前
before
/bɪ’fɔr/
她以前(还没有)参加过一个瑜伽课程
she hasn’t attended a yoga class before
/ʃi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /əˈtɛndɪd/ /ə/ /ˈjoɡə/ /klæs/ /bɪ’fɔr/
修理
to fix
/tə/ /fɪks/
修理(ed 形式)
fixed
/fɪkst/
他(已经)修理了
he has fixed
/hi/ /hæz/ /fɪkst/
那个窗户
the window
/ðə/ /‘wɪndo/
他(已经)修理了那个窗户
he has fixed the window
/hi/ /hæz/ /fɪkst/ /ðə/ /‘wɪndo/
打破
to break
/tə/ /brek/
打破(ed 形式)
broken
/‘brokən/
被打破
be broken
/bi/ /‘brokən/
那个窗户
the window
/ðə/ /‘wɪndo/
那个窗户被打破了
the window is broken
/ðə/ /‘wɪndo/ /ɪz/ /‘brokən/
被打破的
broken
/‘brokən/
那个被打破了的窗户
the broken window
/ðə/ /‘brokən/ /‘wɪndo/
他(已经)修理了那个被打破的窗户
he has fixed the broken window
/hi/ /hæz/ /fɪkst/ /ðə/ /‘brokən/ /‘wɪndo/
还没有
hasn’t
/ˈhæzənt/
他(还没有)修理那个被打破的窗户
he hasn’t fixed the broken window
/hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /fɪkst/ /ðə/ /‘brokən/ /‘wɪndo/
收到
to receive
/tə/ /rɪ’siv/
收到(ed 形式)
received
/rɪ’sivd/
他(已经)收到
he has received
/hi/ /hæz/ /rɪ’sivd/
那个电子邮件
the email
/ði/ ˈimel/
他(已经)收到那个电子邮件
he has received the email
/hi/ /hæz/ /rɪ’sivd/ /ði/ ˈimel/
还没有
hasn’t
/ˈhæzənt/
他(还没有)收到那个电子邮件
he hasn’t received the email
/hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /rɪ’sivd/ /ði/ ˈimel/
4
完成
to finish
/tə/ /‘fɪnɪʃ/
完成(ed 形式)
finished
/‘fɪnɪʃt/
他(已经)完成了
he has finished
/hi/ /hæz/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/
家庭作业
homework
/‘homwɝk/
他的家庭作业
his homework
/hɪz/ /‘homwɝk/
他(已经)完成了他的家庭作业
he has finished his homework
/hi/ /hæz/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /hɪz/ /‘homwɝk/
还没有
hasn’t
/ˈhæzənt/
他(还没有)完成他的家庭作业
he hasn’t finished his homework
/hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /hɪz/ /‘homwɝk/
那份报告
the report
/ðə/ /rɪ’pɔrt/
写
to write
/tə/ /raɪt/
写那份报告
to write the report
/tə/ /raɪt/ /ðə/ /rɪ’pɔrt/
写(ing 形式)
writing
/‘raɪtɪŋ/
写那份报告(ing 形式)
writing the report
/‘raɪtɪŋ/ /ðə/ /rɪ’pɔrt/
他(还没有)完成
he hasn’t finished
/hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/
他(还没有)完成写那份报告
he hasn’t finished writing the report
/hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /‘raɪtɪŋ/ /ðə/ /rɪ’pɔrt/
阅读
to read
/tə/ /rid/
那本小说
the novel
/ðə/ /ˈnɑvl/
阅读那本小说
to read the novel
/tə/ /rid/ /ðə/ /ˈnɑvl/
阅读(ing 形式)
reading
/‘ridɪŋ/
阅读那本小说(ing 形式)
reading the novel
/‘ridɪŋ/ /ðə/ /ˈnɑvl/
他(还没有)完成
he hasn’t finished
/hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/
他(还没有)完成阅读那本小说
he hasn’t finished reading the novel
/hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /‘fɪnɪʃt/ /‘ridɪŋ/ /ðə/ /ˈnɑvl/
树
tree
/tri/
圣诞节
Christmas
/ˈkrɪsməs/
一棵圣诞树
a Christmas tree
/ə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/
买
to buy
/tə/ /baɪ/
买一棵圣诞树
to buy a Christmas tree
/tə/ /baɪ/ /ə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/
买(ed 形式)
bought
/bɔt/
他(已经)买了
he has bought
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɔt/
他(已经)买了一棵圣诞树
he has bought a Christmas tree
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɔt/ /ə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/
家庭
family
/ˈfæməli/
他的家庭
his family
/hɪz/ /ˈfæməli/
为了他的家庭
for his family
/fɝ/ /hɪz/ /ˈfæməli/
他为了他的家庭(已经)买了一棵圣诞树
he has bought a Christmas tree for his family
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɔt/ /ə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/ /fɝ/ /hɪz/ /ˈfæməli/
装饰
to decorate
/tə/ /ˈdɛkəret/
装饰(ed 形式)
decorated
/ˈdɛkəretɪd/
被装饰
be decorated
/bi/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/
那棵圣诞树
the Christmas tree
/ðə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/
那棵圣诞树被装饰了的
the Christmas tree is decorated
/ðə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/ /ɪz/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/
decorated
/ˈdɛkəretɪd/
5
一棵被装饰的圣诞树
a decorated Christmas tree
/ə/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/
他为了他的家庭(已经)买了一 棵装饰好了的圣诞树
he has bought a decorated Christmas tree for his family
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɔt/ /ə/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/ /fɝ/ /hɪz/ /ˈfæməli/
装饰
to decorate
/tə/ /ˈdɛkəret/
装饰(ed 形式)
decorated
/ˈdɛkəretɪd/
他(已经)装饰了
he has decorated
/hi/ /hæz/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/
那棵圣诞树
the Christmas tree
/ðə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/
他(已经)装饰了那棵圣诞树
he has decorated the Christmas tree
/hi/ /hæz/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/ /ðə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/
还没有
hasn’t
/ˈhæzənt/
他(还没有)装饰那棵圣诞树
he hasn’t decorated the Christmas tree
/hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/ /ðə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/
但是
but
/bʌt/
但是他(还没有)装饰那棵圣诞树
but he hasn’t decorated the Christmas tree
/bʌt/ /hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/ /ðə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/
他为了他的家庭(已经)买了一棵圣诞树
he has bought a Christmas tree for his family
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɔt/ /ə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/ /fɝ/ /hɪz/ /ˈfæməli/
他为了他的家庭(已经)买了一棵圣诞树但是他(还没有)装饰那棵圣诞树
he has bought a Christmas tree for his family, but he hasn’t decorated the Christmas tree
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɔt/ /ə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/ /fɝ/ /hɪz/ /ˈfæməli/ /bʌt/ /hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/ /ðə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/
他为了他的家庭(已经)买了一棵圣诞树但是他(还没有)装饰它
he has bought a Christmas tree for his family, but he hasn’t decorated it
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɔt/ /ə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/ /fɝ/ /hɪz/ /ˈfæməli/ /bʌt/ /hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/ /ɪt/
迄今为止
yet
/jɛt/
他为了他的家庭(已经)买了一棵圣诞树但是迄今为止他(还没有)装饰它
he has bought a Christmas tree for his family, but he hasn’t decorated it yet
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɔt/ /ə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/ /fɝ/ /hɪz/ /ˈfæməli/ /bʌt/ /hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/ /ɪt/ /jɛt/
繁忙的
busy
/‘bɪzi/
他是繁忙的
he is busy
/hi/ /ɪz/ /‘bɪzi/
非常
too
/tu/
他是非常忙的
he is too busy
/hi/ /ɪz/ /tu/ /‘bɪzi/
因为
because
/bɪ’kɔz/
因为他太忙了
because he is too busy
/bɪ’kɔz/ /hi/ /ɪz/ /tu/ /‘bɪzi/
但是迄今为止他(还没有)装饰它
but he hasn’t decorated it yet
/bʌt/ /hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/ /ɪt/ /jɛt/
但是迄今为止他(还没有)装饰它因为他太忙了
but he hasn’t decorated it yet because he is too busy
/bʌt/ /hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/ /ɪt/ /jɛt/ /bɪ’kɔz/ /hi/ /ɪz/ /tu/ /‘bɪzi/
他为了他的家庭(已经)买了一棵圣诞树
he has bought a Christmas tree for his family
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɔt/ /ə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/ /fɝ/ /hɪz/ /ˈfæməli/
他为了他的家庭(已经)买了一棵圣诞树但是迄今为止他(还没有)装饰它因为他太忙了
he has bought a Christmas tree for his family, but he hasn’t decorated it yet because he is too busy
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɔt/ /ə/ /ˈkrɪsməs/ /tri/ /fɝ/ /hɪz/ /ˈfæməli/ /bʌt/ /hi/ /ˈhæzənt/ /ˈdɛkəretɪd/ /ɪt/ /jɛt/ /bɪ’kɔz/ /hi/ /ɪz/ /tu/ /‘bɪzi/
6
| 中文 | 原形 | 第三人称单数 | 过去式 | ing形式 | ed形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 想要 | want | wants | wanted | wanting | wanted |
| 喜欢 | like | likes | liked | liking | liked |
| 有；(+to)不得不 | have | has | had | having | had |
| 计划 | plan | plans | planned | planning | planned |
| 需要 | need | needs | needed | needing | needed |
| 做 | do | does | did | doing | done |
| 告诉 | tell | tells | told | telling | told |
| 说话 | talk | talks | talked | talking | talked |
| 是 | be(am) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(is) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(are) | is | were | being | been |
| 看到 | see | sees | saw | seeing | seen |
| 吃 | eat | eats | ate | eating | eaten |
| 喝 | drink | drinks | drank | drinking | drunk |
| 知道 | know | knows | knew | knowing | known |
| 忘记 | forget | forgets | forgot | forgetting | forgotten |
| 失去 | lose | loses | lost | losing | lost |
| 离开 | leave | leaves | left | leaving | left |
| 睡觉 | sleep | sleeps | slept | sleeping | slept |
| 明白 | understand | understands | understood | understand | understood |
| 买 | buy | buys | bought | buying | bought |
| 洗 | wash | washes | washed | washing | washed |
| 打电话 | call | calls | called | calling | called |
| 帮助 | help | helps | helped | helping | helped |
| 相信 | believe | believes | believed | believing | believed |
| 学习 | study | studies | studied | studying | studied |
| 解释 | explain | explains | explained | explaining | explained |
| 问 | ask | asks | asked | asking | asked |
| 飞 | fly | flies | flew | flying | flown |
| 阅读 | read | reads | read | reading | read |
| 走路 | walk | walks | walked | walking | walked |
| 跳舞 | dance | dances | danced | dancing | danced |
| 回答 | answer | answers | answered | answering | answerwd |
| 工作 | work | works | worked | working | worked |
| 待在 | stay | stays | stayed | staying | stayed |
| 支付 | pay | pays | paid | paying | paid |
| 旅行 | travel | travels | traveled | traveling | traveled |
| 给 | give | gives | gave | giving | given |
| 达到 | get | gets | got | getting | got |
| 锁 | loke | locks | locked | locking | locked |
| 记得 | remember | remenbers | remembered | remembering | remembered |
| 清理 | clean | cleans | cleaned | cleaning | cleaned |
| 找到 | find | finds | found | finding | found |
| 关闭 | close | closes | closed | closing | closed |
| 教 | teach | teaches | taught | teaching | taught |
| 展示 | show | shows | showed | showing | shown |
| 让 | let | lets | let | letting | let |
| 休息 | rest | rests | rested | resting | rested |
| 用 | use | uses | used | using | used |
| 做饭 | cook | cooks | cooked | cooking | cooked |
| 去 | go | goes | went | going | gone |
| 决定 | decide | decides | decided | deciding | decided |
| 驾驶 | drive | drives | drove | driving | driven |
| 改变 | change | changes | changed | changing | changed |
| 尝试 | try | tries | tried | trying | tried |
| 停止 | stop | stops | Stopped | stopping | stopped |
| 参加 | join | joins | joined | joining | joined |
| 邀请 | invite | invites | invited | inviting | invited |
| 拒绝 | refuse | refuses | refused | refusing | refused |
| 接受 | accept | accepts | accepted | accepting | accepted |
| 学习 | learn | learns | learnt | learning | learnt |
| 完成 | finish | finishes | finished | finishing | finished |
| 看 | watch | watches | watched | watching | watched |
| 游泳 | swim | swims | swam | swimming | swum |
| 掌握 | master | masters | mastered | mastering | mastered |
| 购物 | shop | shops | shopped | shopping | shopped |
| 等待 | wait | waits | waited | waiting | waited |
| 讨论 | discuss | discusses | Discussed | discussing | discussed |
| 面对 | face | faces | faced | facing | faced |
| 解决 | solve | solves | solved | solving | solved |
| 疑惑 | wonder | wonders | wondered | wondering | wondered |
| 递给 | hand | hands | handed | handing | handed |
| 玩 | play | plays | played | playing | played |
| 跑 | run | runs | ran | running | run |
| 挑战 | challenge | challenges | challenged | challenging | challenged |
| 希望 | hope | hopes | hoped | hoping | hoped |
| 见到 | meet | meets | met | meeting | met |
| 打开 | open | opens | opened | opening | opened |
| 认为 | think | thinks | thought | thinking | thought |
| 说话 | speak | speaks | spoke | speaking | spoken |
| 看 | look | looks | looked | looking | looked |
| 听 | hear | hears | heard | hearing | heard |
| 强迫 | force | forces | forced | forcing | forced |
| 操作 | handle | handles | handled | handling | handled |
| 握 | hold | holds | held | holding | held |
| 做 | make | makes | made | making | made |
| 承诺 | promise | promises | promised | promising | promised |
| 保持 | keep | keeps | kept | keeping | kept |
| 钓鱼 | fish | fishes | fished | fishing | fished |
| 保存 | save | saves | saved | saving | saved |
| 注意到 | notice | notices | noticed | noticing | noticed |
| 退出 | quit | quits | quit/quitted | quitting | quit/quitted |
| 抽烟 | smoke | smokes | smoked | smoking | smoked |
| 更喜欢 | prefer | prefers | preferred | preferring | preferred |
| 爱 | love | loves | loved | loving | Loved |
| 打破 | break | breaks | broke | breaking | broken |
| 享受 | enjoy | enjoys | enjoyed | enjoying | enjoyed |
| 练习 | practice | practices | practiced | practicing | practiced |
| 改善 | improve | improves | improved | improving | improved |
| 分享 | share | shares | shaed | sharing | shared |
| 假装 | pretend | pretends | pretended | pretending | pretended |
| 撒谎 | lie | lies | lied | lying | lied |
| 否认 | deny | denies | denied | denying | denied |
| 作画 | paint | paints | painted | painting | painted |
| 偷 | steal | steals | stole | stealing | stolen |
| 承认 | admit | admits | admitted | admitting | admitted |
| 避免 | avoid | avoids | avoided | avoiding | avoided |
| 感觉 | feel | feels | felt | feeling | felt |
| 复制 | copy | copies | copied | copying | copied |
| 保持 | maintain | maintains | maintained | maintaining | maintained |
| 伤害 | hurt | hurts | hurt | hurting | hurt |
| 乘坐 | take | takes | took | taking | taken |
| 保护 | protect | protects | protected | protecting | protected |
| 允许 | permit | permits | permitted | permitting | permitted |
| 禁止 | prohibit | prohibits | prohibited | prohibiting | prohibited |
| 笑 | laugh | laughs | laughed | laughing | laughed |
| 唱歌 | sing | sings | sang | singing | sung |
| 沉浸 | immerse | immerses | immersed | immersing | immersed |
| 骑自行车 | cycle | cycles | cycled | cycling | cycled |
| 参加 | attend | attends | attended | attending | attended |
| 举起 | lift | lifts | lifted | lifting | lifted |
| 设法做到 | manage | manges | managed | managing | managed |
| 写 | write | writes | wrote | writing | written |
| 克服 | overcome | overcome | overcame | overcoming | overcome |
| 访问 | visit | visits | visited | visiting | visited |
| 居住 | live | lives | lived | living | lived |
| 遗弃 | abandon | abandons | abandoned | abandoning | abandoned |
| 修理 | fix | fixes | fixed | fixing | fixed |
| 收到 | receive | receives | received | receiving | received |
| 装饰 | decorate | decorates | decorated | decorating | decorated |
1.她(已经)支付了账单。
2.她(已经)锁上了门。
3.他迄今为止(还没有)掌握钢琴。
4.他迄今为止(还没有)解决这个问题。
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