英语笔记（五十二）
上次课中 我们已经学习了 【完成时态 】和【被动语态 】的结合， 表
达的含义是 ”某个动作已经被做 ”，它的形式可以表达为“ have been
done ”， 其中 be done 表达动作的 【被动 】，have 和 been 表达 【现在完
成】的状态，这个结构共用了 been 这个词来连接前后两个部分。
我们 先来单独看一下后面的部分， be 和 done 表达的是被动语态，
要求 be 后面添加动词的 ed 形式 。
其实我们还学习过一个类似的形式 ，是使用 be 添加动词的 ing 形
式，也就是 be doing ，所表达的含义是 【正在进行 】，那么可不可以把
完成时态和正在进行时态结合起来呢？
其实是可以的， 我们只需要把最后的 ed 动词更换为 ing 形式的动
词即可，整体表达为 have been doing 。2
相同的道理， been 也是共用的部分，也 起到了承上启下的作用，
它需要使用过去分词形式和 have 一起表达完成 ，同时 和 doing 一起表
达了正在进行 ，三个词一起构成了 现在 完成进行时态。
这听起来好像有点复杂，等一下我们多练习一下你就明白了 。
中文
英文
K.K. 音标
支付 to pay
/tə/ /pe/
支付 (ed 形式 )
paid
/ped/
被支付
be paid
/bi/ /ped/
这个账单
the bill
/ðə/ /bɪl/
这个账单被支付了
the bill is paid
/ðə/ /bɪl/ /ɪz/ /ped/
已经被支付了
has been paid
/hæs/ /bɪn/ /ped/
这个账单已经被支付了
the bill has been paid
/ðə/ /bɪl/ /hæs/ /bɪn/ /ped/
将会
will
/wɪl/
这个账单将会已经被支付
the bill will have been paid
/ðə/ /bɪl/ /wɪl/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ped/
年
year
/jɪr/
今年
this year
/ðɪs/ /jɪr/
末尾
the end
/ði/ /ɛnd/
今年末尾
the end of this year
/ði/ / ɛnd/ / əv/ /ðɪs/ /jɪr/
在……
by
/baɪ/
在今年年底
by the end of this year
/baɪ/ /ði/ / ɛnd/ /əv/ /ðɪs/ /jɪr/
这个账单将会已经被支付
the bill will have been paid
/ðə/ /bɪl/ /wɪl/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ped/
在今年年底 这个账单将会已经被支付
the bill will have been paid by the end of this year
/ðə/ /bɪl/ /wɪl/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ped/ /baɪ/ /ði/ /ɛnd/ /əv/ /ðɪs/ /jɪr/
打扫
to clean
/tə/ /klin/
打扫 (ing 形式 )
cleaning
/‘klinɪŋ/
正在打扫
be cleaning
/bi/ /‘klinɪŋ/
我正在打扫
I am cleaning
/aɪ/ /æm/ /‘klinɪŋ/
房间
room
/rum/
我的房间
my room
/maɪ/ /rum/
我正在打扫我的房间
I am cleaning my room
/aɪ/ /æm/ /‘klinɪŋ/ /maɪ/ /rum/
我一直在打扫我的房间
I have been cleaning my room
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘klinɪŋ/ /maɪ/ /rum/
从……起
since
/sɪns/
早上 8 点
8 a.m
/et/ /e/ / ɛm/
从早上 8 点起
since 8 a.m
/sɪns/ /et/ /e/ /ɛm/
从早上 8 点起我就一直在打扫 我的房间
I have been cleaning my room since 8 a.m
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /b ɪn/ /‘klin ɪŋ/ /ma ɪ/ /rum/ /sɪns/ /et/ /e/ / ɛm/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
居住
to live
/tə/ /lɪv/
居住 (ing 形式 )
living
/ˈl ɪvɪŋ/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
一直居住
have been living
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈlɪvɪŋ/
城市
city
/‘sɪti/
这个城市
this city
/ðɪs/ /‘sɪti/
在这个城市里
in this city
/ɪn/ /ðɪs/ /‘sɪti/
一直居住在这个城市里
have been living in this city
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ / ɪn/ /ðɪs/ /‘sɪti/
我一直居住在这个城市里
I have been living in this city
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /ðɪs/ /‘sɪti/
从……起
since
/sɪns/
从 2015 年起
since 2015
/sɪns/ /‘twɛnti/ /fɪfˈtin/
从 2015 年起我就一直居住在这个城市里
I have been living in this city since 2015
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /b ɪn/ /ˈl ɪvɪŋ/ / ɪn/ /ðɪs/ /‘sɪti/ /sɪns/ /‘twɛnti/ /fɪfˈtin/
工作
to work
/tə/ /wɝk/
家
home
/hom/
从
from
/frʌm/
从家里
from home
/frʌm/ /hom/
居家办公
to work from home
/tə/ /wɝk/ /frʌm/ /hom/
工作 (ing 形式 )
working
/ˈw ɝkɪŋ/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
一直在工作
have been working
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈwɝkɪŋ/
一直在居家办公
have been working from home
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈwɝkɪŋ/ /frʌm/ /hom/
我一直在居家办公
I have been working from home
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈwɝkɪŋ/ /frʌm/ /hom/
开始
to start
/tə/ /stɑrt/
开始 (过去 )
started /stɑrtɪd/
疫情
pandemic
/pæn’dɛmɪk/
疫情开始
the pandemic started
/ðə/ /pæn’d ɛmɪk/ /stɑrtɪd/
从……起
since
/sɪns/
从疫情开始起
since the pandemic started
/sɪns/ /ðə/ /pæn’d ɛmɪk/ /stɑrtɪd/
我一直在居家办公
I have been working from home
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈwɝkɪŋ/ /frʌm/ /hom/
从疫情开始起我就一直在居家办公
I have been working from home since the pandemic started
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈwɝkɪŋ/ /frʌm/ /hom/ /sɪns/ /ðə/ /pæn’dɛmɪk/ /stɑrtɪd/
玩
to play
/tə/ /ple/
玩(ing 形式 )
playing
/‘ple ɪŋ/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
一直在玩
have been playing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘pleɪŋ/
视频
video
/‘vɪdɪo/
游戏
games
/ɡemz/
电子游戏
video games
/‘vɪdɪo/ / ɡemz/
玩电子游戏
to play video games
/tə/ /ple/ /‘vɪdɪo/ / ɡemz/
一直在玩电子游戏
have been playing video games
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘pleɪŋ/ /‘vɪdɪo/ / ɡemz/
他一直在玩电子游戏
he has been playing video games
/hi/ /hæs/ /bɪn/ /‘pleɪŋ/ /‘vɪdɪo/ / ɡemz/
到达
to get
/tə/ /ɡɛt/
家
home
/hom/
到家
to get home
/tə/ /ɡɛt/ /hom/
学校
school
/skul/
从
from
/frʌm/
从学校
from school
/frʌm/ /skul/
从学校到家
to get home from school
/tə/ /ɡɛt/ /hom/ /frʌm/ /skul/
到达 (过去 )
got
/ɡɑt/
从学校到家 (过去 )
got home from school
/ɡɑt/ /hom/ /frʌm/ /skul/
他放学回家
he got home from school
/hi/ / ɡɑt/ /hom/ /frʌm/ /skul/
从……起
since
/sɪns/
自从他放学回家起
since he got home from school
/sɪns/ /hi/ / ɡɑt/ /hom/ /frʌm/ /skul/
他一直在玩电子游戏
he has been playing video games
/hi/ /hæs/ /bɪn/ /‘pleɪŋ/ /‘vɪdɪo/ / ɡemz/
从他放学回家起他就一直在玩电子游戏
he has been playing video games since he got home from school
/hi/ /hæs/ /bɪn/ /‘pleɪŋ/ /‘vɪdɪo/ / ɡemz/ /sɪns/ /hi/ /ɡɑt/ /hom/ /frʌm/ /skul/
居住
to live
/tə/ /lɪv/
居住 (ing 形式 )
living
/ˈlɪvɪŋ/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
一直居住
have been living
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈl ɪvɪŋ/
公寓
apartment
/əˈpɑrtmənt/
这个公寓
this apartment
/ðɪs/ / əˈpɑrtmənt/
在这个公寓里
in this apartment
/ɪn/ /ðɪs/ / əˈpɑrtmənt/
一直居住在这个公寓里
have been living in this apartment
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈl ɪvɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /ðɪs/ /əˈpɑrtmənt/
他们一直居住在这个公寓里
they have been living in this apartment
/ðe/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈl ɪvɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /ðɪs/ /əˈpɑrtmənt/
结婚
to marry
/tə/ /‘mæri/
已婚的
married
/ˈmærid/
他们是已婚的
they are married
/ðe/ /ɚ/ /ˈmærid/
他们结婚了
they got married
/ðe/ / ɡɑt/ /ˈmærid/
1
they are married
/they got married 1
从……起
since
/sɪns/
从他们结婚起
since they got married
/sɪns/ /ðe/ / ɡɑt/ /ˈmærid/
他们一直居住在这个公寓里
they have been living in this apartment
/ðe/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈl ɪvɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /ðɪs/ /əˈpɑrtmənt/
从他们结婚起他们就一直居住在这个公寓里
they have been living in this apartment since they got married
/ðe/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈl ɪvɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /ðɪs/ /əˈpɑrtmənt/ /sɪns/ /ðe/ /ɡɑt/ /ˈmærid/
等
to wait
/tə/ /wet/
等(ing 形式 )
waiting
/‘wetɪŋ/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
一直在等
have been waiting
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/
我们一直在等
we have been waiting
/wi/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/
快递
the delivery
/ðə/ /dɪˈlɪvəri/
我们一直在等快递
we have been waiting for the delivery
/wi/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /fɚ/ /ðə/ /dɪˈlɪvəri/
下午
afternoon
/æftɚ’nun/
今天下午
this afternoon
/ðɪs/ /æft ɚ’nun/
从……起
since
/sɪns/
从今天下午起
since this afternoon
/sɪns/ /ðɪs/ /æft ɚ’nun/
我们一直在等快递
we have been waiting for the delivery
/wi/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /fɚ/ /ðə/ /dɪˈlɪvəri/
从今天下午起我们就一直在等快递
we have been waiting for the delivery since this afternoon
/wi/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /fɚ/ /ðə/ /dɪˈlɪvəri/ /sɪns/ /ðɪs/ /æft ɚ’nun/
我们一直在等……
we have been waiting for
/wi/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /fɚ/
雨
the rain
/ðə/ /ren/
我们一直在等雨
we have been waiting for the rain
/wi/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /fɚ/ /ðə/ /ren/
停
to stop
/tə/ /stɑp/
我们一直在等雨停
we have been waiting for the rain to stop
/wi/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /fɚ/ /ðə/ /ren/ /tə/ /stɑp/
到达
to arrive
/tə/ /ə’raɪv/
到达 (过去 )
arrived
/ə’raɪvd/
我们 (过去 )到达
we arrived
/wi/ / ə’raɪvd/
从……起
since
/sɪns/
从我们到了之后
since we arrived
/sɪns/ /wi/ / ə’raɪvd/
我们一直在等雨停
we have been waiting for the rain to stop
/wi/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /fɚ/ /ðə/ /ren/ /tə/ /stɑp/
从我们到了之后我们就一直在等雨停
we have been waiting for the rain to stop since we arrived
/wi/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /fɚ/ /ðə/ /ren/ /tə/ /stɑp/ /sɪns/ /wi/ /ə’raɪvd/
| 中文 | 原形 | 第三人称单数 | 过去式 | ing 形式 | ed形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 想要 | want | wants | wanted | wanting | wanted |
| 喜欢 | like | likes | liked | liking | liked |
| 有；（＋to）不得不 | have | has | had | having | had |
| 计划 | plan | plans | planned | planning | planned |
| 需要 | need | needs | needed | needing | needed |
| 做 | do | does | did | doing | done |
| 告诉 | tell | tells | told | telling | told |
| 说话 | talk | talks | talked | talking | talked |
| 是 | be(am) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(is) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(are) | is | were | being | been |
| 看到 | see | sees | saw | seeing | seen |
| 吃 | eat | eats | ate | eating | eaten |
| 喝 | drink | drinks | drank | drinking | drunk |
| 知道 | know | knows | knew | knowing | known |
| 忘记 | forget | forgets | forgot | forgetting | forgotten |
| 失去 | lose | loses | lost | losing | lost |
| 离开 | leave | leaves | left | leaving | left |
| 睡觉 | sleep | sleeps | slept | sleeping | slept |
| 明白 | understand | understands | understood | understanding | understood |
| 买 | buy | buys | bought | buying | bought |
| 洗 | wash | washes | washed | washing | washed |
| 打电话 | call | calls | called | calling | called |
| 帮助 | help | helps | helped | helping | helped |
| 相信 | believe | believes | believed | believing | believed |
| 学习 | study | studies | studied | studying | studied |
| 解释 | explain | explains | explained | explaining | explained |
| 问 | ask | asks | asked | asking | asked |
| 飞 | fly | flies | flew | flying | flown |
| 阅读 | read | reads | read | reading | read |
| 走路 | walk | walks | walked | walking | walked |
| 跳舞 | dance | dances | danced | dancing | danced |
| 回答 | answer | answers | answered | answering | answered |
| 工作 | work | works | worked | working | worked |
| 待在 | stay | stays | stayed | staying | stayed |
| 支付 | pay | pays | paid | paying | paid |
| 旅行 | travel | travels | traveled | traveling | traveled |
| 给 | give | gives | gave | giving | given |
| 到达 | get | gets | got | getting | got |
| 锁 | lock | locks | locked | locking | locked |
| 记得 | remember | remembers | remembered | remembering | remembered |
| 清理 | clean | cleans | cleaned | cleaning | cleaned |
| 找到 | find | finds | found | finding | found |
| 关闭 | close | closes | closed | closing | closed |
| 教 | teach | teaches | taught | teaching | taught |
| 展示 | show | shows | showed | showing | shown |
| 让 | let | lets | let | letting | let |
| 休息 | rest | rests | rested | resting | rested |
| 用 | use | uses | used | using | used |
| 做饭 | cook | cooks | cooked | cooking | cooked |
| 去 | go | goes | went | going | gone |
| 决定 | decide | decides | decided | deciding | decided |
| 驾驶 | drive | drives | drove | driving | driven |
| 改变 | change | changes | changed | changing | changed |
| 尝试 | try | tries | tried | trying | tried |
| 停止 | stop | stops | stopped | stopping | stopped |
| 参加 | join | joins | joined | joining | joined |
| 邀请 | invite | invites | invited | inviting | invited |
| 拒绝 | refuse | refuses | refused | refusing | refused |
| 接受 | accept | accepts | accepted | accepting | accepted |
| 学习 | learn | learns | learnt/learned | learning | learnt/learned |
| 完成 | finish | finishes | finished | finishing | finished |
| 看 | watch | watches | watched | watching | watched |
| 游泳 | swim | swims | swam | swimming | swum |
| 掌握 | master | masters | mastered | mastering | mastered |
| 购物 | shop | shops | shopped | shopping | shopped |
| 等待 | wait | waits | waited | waiting | waited |
| 讨论 | discuss | discusses | discussed | discussing | discussed |
| 面对 | face | faces | faced | facing | faced |
| 解决 | solve | solves | solved | solving | solved |
| 疑惑 | wonder | wonders | wondered | wondering | wondered |
| 递给 | hand | hands | handed | handing | handed |
| 玩 | play | plays | played | playing | played |
| 跑 | run | runs | ran | running | run |
| 挑战 | challenge | challenges | challenged | challenging | challenged |
| 希望 | hope | hopes | hoped | hoping | hoped |
| 见到 | meet | meets | met | meeting | met |
| 打开 | open | opens | opened | opening | opened |
| 认为 | think | thinks | thought | thinking | thought |
| 说话 | speak | speaks | spoke | speaking | spoken |
| 看 | look | looks | looked | looking | looked |
| 听 | hear | hears | heard | hearing | heard |
| 强迫 | force | forces | forced | forcing | forced |
| 操作 | handle | handles | handled | handling | handled |
| 握 | hold | holds | held | holding | held |
| 做 | make | makes | made | making | made |
| 承诺 | promise | promises | promised | promising | promised |
| 保持 | keep | keeps | kept | keeping | kept |
| 钓鱼 | fish | fishes | fished | fishing | fished |
| 保存 | save | saves | saved | saving | saved |
| 注意到 | notice | notices | noticed | noticing | noticed |
| 退出 | quit | quits | quit/quitted | quitting | quit/quitted |
| 抽烟 | smoke | smokes | smoked | smoking | smoked |
| 更喜欢 | prefer | prefers | preferred | preferring | preferred |
| 爱 | love | loves | loved | loving | loved |
| 打破 | break | breaks | broke | breaking | broken |
| 享受 | enjoy | enjoys | enjoyed | enjoying | enjoyed |
| 练习 | practice | practices | practiced | practicing | practiced |
| 改善 | improve | improves | improved | improving | improved |
| 分享 | share | shares | shared | sharing | shared |
| 假装 | pretend | pretends | pretended | pretending | pretended |
| 撒谎 | lie | lies | lied | lying | lied |
| 否认 | deny | denies | denied | denying | denied |
| 作画 | paint | paints | painted | painting | painted |
| 偷 | steal | steals | stole | stealing | stolen |
| 承认 | admit | admits | admitted | admitting | admitted |
| 避免 | avoid | avoids | avoided | avoiding | avoided |
| 感觉 | feel | feels | felt | feeling | felt |
| 复制 | copy | copies | copied | copying | copied |
| 保持 | maintain | maintains | maintained | maintaining | maintained |
| 伤害 | hurt | hurts | hurt | hurting | hurt |
| 乘坐 | take | takes | took | taking | taken |
| 保护 | protect | protects | protected | protecting | protected |
| 允许 | permit | permits | permitted | permitting | permitted |
| 禁止 | prohibit | prohibits | prohibited | prohibiting | prohibited |
| 笑 | laugh | laughs | laughed | laughing | laughed |
| 唱歌 | sing | sings | sang | singing | sung |
| 沉浸 | immerse | immerses | immersed | immersing | immersed |
| 骑自行车 | cycle | cycles | cycled | cycling | cycled |
| 参加 | attend | attends | attended | attending | attended |
| 举起 | lift | lifts | lifted | lifting | lifted |
| 设法做到 | manage | manages | managed | managing | managed |
| 写 | write | writes | wrote | writing | written |
| 克服 | overcome | overcomes | overcame | overcoming | overcome |
| 访问 | visit | visits | visited | visiting | visited |
| 居住 | live | lives | lived | living | lived |
| 遗弃 | abandon | abandons | abandoned | abandoning | abandoned |
| 修理 | fix | fixes | fixed | fixing | fixed |
| 收到 | receive | receives | received | receiving | received |
| 装饰 | decorate | decorates | decorated | decorating | decorated |
| 搬家 | move | moves | moved | moving | moved |
| 设计 | design | designs | designed | designing | designed |
| 达到 | arrive | arrives | arrived | arriving | arrived |
| 改编 | adapt | adapts | adapted | adapting | adapted |
| 出生 | bear | bears | bore | bearing | born |
| 发送 | send | sends | sent | sending | sent |
| 出版 | publish | publishes | published | publishing | published |
| 建造 | construct | constructs | constructed | constructing | constructed |
| 修复 | repair | repairs | repaired | repairing | repaired |
| 宣布 | announce | announces | announced | announcing | announced |
| 翻译 | translate | translates | translated | translating | translated |
| 疏散 | evacuate | evacuates | evacuated | evacuating | evacuated |
| 蔓延 | spread | spreads | spread | spreading | spread |
| 停车 | park | parks | parked | parking | parked |
| 纠正 | correct | corrects | corrected | correcting | correct |
| 提交 | submit | submits | submitted | submitting | submitted |
| 卖 | sell | sells | sold | selling | sold |
| 非法入侵 | hack | hacks | hacked | hacking | hacked |
| 准备 | prepare | prepares | prepared | preparing | prepared |
| 返回 | return | returns | returned | returning | returned |
| 集合 | assemble | assembles | assembled | assembling | assembled |
| 浇水 | water | waters | watered | watering | watered |
| 完成 | complete | completes | completed | completing | completed |
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