英语笔记（五十三）
上一节课 我们 已经 掌握 了【 现在 完成 进行 时态】 也就是 have been
doing 的表达， 这个 模块 所表达 的内容 可以 简单 的翻译为“ 一直 在
做…… ”， 也就是 说从过去 的某一个 时间 一直 在做某个 动作， 而且 这个 动
作一直 持续 到现在， 此时此刻 还在 做。
我们 可以 在这个 模块 化表达 的后面 添加 一个 时间 信息， 用 since 来
引出 一个 时间点， 用来 表达 “从这个 时间点 开始”， 就“ 一直在 做……”。
这节课 我们 学习 的内容 是把这个 时间信息 换一种 表达 方式， 把
since 换成 for ，for 的含义 并不是 我们 之前 学习 的“ 为了” 的含义， 而是 仅
仅为 了引出 后面 的时间 信息， 可以 理解为“ 持续”， 因此 这个 词后面 所添
加的时间信息 必须 是一个 时间段， 不能是 一个 时间点， 这样 才可以 表达
“持续 了多长时间 ”的含义，
中文
英文
K.K. 音标
看
to watch
/tə/ /wɑtʃ/
看（ ing 形式）
watching
/ˈwɑtʃɪŋ/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
一直在看
have been watching
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈwɑtʃɪŋ/
动画片
cartoons
/kɑrˈtunz/
一直在看动画片
have been watching cartoons
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈwɑtʃɪŋ/ /kɑrˈtunz/
孩子们
the kids
/ðə/ /kɪdz/
孩子们一直在看动画片
the kids have been watching cartoons
/ðə/ /kɪdz/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈwɑtʃɪŋ/ /kɑrˈtunz/
从……起
since
/sɪns/
早上
morning
/‘mɔrnɪŋ/
今天早上
this morning
/ðɪs/ /‘mɔrnɪŋ/
从今天早上起
since this morning
/sɪns/ /ðɪs/ /‘mɔrnɪŋ/
孩子们一直在看动画片
the kids have been watching cartoons
/ðə/ /kɪdz/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈwɑtʃɪŋ/ /kɑrˈtunz/
孩子们从今天早上起就一直在看动画片
the kids have been watching cartoons since this morning
/ðə/ /kɪdz/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈwɑtʃɪŋ/ /kɑrˈtunz/ /sɪns/ /ðɪs/ /‘mɔrnɪŋ/
小时
hour
/‘aʊɚ /
三个小时
three hours
/θri/ /‘aʊɚz/
持续三个小时
for three hours
/fɚ/ /θri/ /‘aʊɚz/
孩子们一直在看动画片，持续 三个小时了
the kids have been watching cartoons for three hours
/ðə/ /k ɪdz/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈwɑtʃɪŋ/ /kɑrˈtunz/ /fɚ/ / θri/ /‘aʊɚz/
一直在做……持续……
have been doing…for…
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /fɚ/
学习
to learn
/tə/ /lɝn/
英语
English
/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
学习英语
to learn English
/tə/ /lɝn/ /ˈ ɪŋɡlɪʃ/
学习英语（ ing 形式）
learning English
/‘lɝnɪŋ/ /ˈ ɪŋɡlɪʃ/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
一直在学习英语
have been learning English
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘lɝnɪŋ/ /ˈ ɪŋɡlɪʃ/
我一直在学习英语
I have been learning English
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘lɝnɪŋ/ /ˈ ɪŋɡlɪʃ/
年
year
/jɪr/
三年
three years
/θri/ /jɪrz/
持续三年
for three years /fɚ/ /θri/ /jɪrz/
我一直在学习英语，持续三年了
I have been learning English for thee years
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘lɝnɪŋ/ /ˈ ɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /fɚ/ /θri/ /jɪrz/
一直在做……持续……
have been doing…for…
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /fɚ/
教
to teach
/tə/ /titʃ/
教（ ing 形式）
teaching /ˈtitʃɪŋ/
课程
class
/klæs/
瑜伽
yoga
/ˈjo ɡə/
瑜伽课程
yoga classes
/ˈjoɡə/ /ˈklæsɪz/
教瑜伽课程（ ing 形式）
teaching yoga classes
/ˈtitʃɪŋ/ /ˈjoɡə/ /ˈklæsɪz/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
一直在教瑜伽课程
have been teaching yoga classes
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈtit ʃɪŋ/ /ˈjoɡə/ /ˈklæsɪz/
我一直在教瑜伽课程
I have been teaching yoga classes
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈtit ʃɪŋ/ /ˈjoɡə/ /ˈklæsɪz/
五年
five years
/faɪv/ /jɪrz/
持续五年
for five years
/fɚ/ /faɪv/ /jɪrz/
我一直在教瑜伽课程，持续五年了
I have been teaching yoga classes for five years
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈtit ʃɪŋ/ /ˈjoɡə/ /ˈklæsɪz/ /fɚ/ /faɪv/ /jɪrz/
一直在做……持续……
have been doing…for…
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /fɚ/
讲话
to talk
/tə/ /tɔk/
讲话（ ing 形式）
talking
/‘tɔkɪŋ/
电话
phone
/fon/
在……上
on
/ɑn/
在电话上
on the phone
/ɑn/ /ðə/ /fon/
在电话上讲话（ ing 形式）
talking on the phone
/‘t ɔkɪŋ/ /ɑn/ /ðə/ /fon/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
她一直在打电话
she has been talking on the phone
/ʃi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /‘tɔkɪŋ/ /ɑn/ /ðə/ /fon/
分钟
minute
/‘mɪnɪt/
30 分钟
30 minutes
/‘θɝti/ /‘mɪnɪts/
持续30分钟
for 30 minutes
/fɚ/ /‘ θɝti/ /‘mɪnɪts/
她一直在打电话，持续 30 分钟了
she has been talking on the phone for 30 minutes
/ʃi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /‘tɔkɪŋ/ /ɑn/ /ðə/ /fon/ /fɚ/ /‘ θɝti/ /‘mɪnɪts/
一直在做……持续……
have been doing…for…
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /fɚ/
烹饪
to cook
/tə/ /kʊk/
烹饪（ ing 形式）
cooking
/‘kʊkɪŋ/
晚饭
dinner
/‘dɪnɚ/
做晚饭（ ing 形式）
cooking dinner
/‘kʊkɪŋ/ /‘dɪnɚ/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
他一直在做晚饭
he has been cooking dinner
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /‘kʊkɪŋ/ /‘dɪnɚ/
小时
hour
/‘aʊɚ /
持续
for
/fɚ/
持续一小时
for an hour
/fɚ/ /ən/ /‘aʊɚ /
他一直在做晚饭，持续一小时了
he has been cooking dinner for an hour
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /‘kʊkɪŋ/ /‘dɪnɚ/ /fɚ/ /ən/ /‘aʊɚ /
工作
to work
/tə/ /wɝk/
工作（ ing 形式）
working
/‘wɝkɪŋ/
公司
company
/ˈkʌmpəni/
这个公司
this company
/ðɪs/ /ˈkʌmpəni/
在
at
/ət/
在这个公司
at this company
/ət/ /ðɪs/ /ˈkʌmp əni/
在这个公司工作（ ing 形式）
working at this company
/‘wɝkɪŋ/ / ət/ /ðɪs/ /ˈkʌmpəni/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
她一直在这个公司工作
she has been working at this company
/ʃi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /‘wɝkɪŋ/ / ət/ /ðɪs/ /ˈkʌmpəni/
五年
five years
/faɪv/ /jɪrz/
持续五年
for five years
/fɚ/ /faɪv/ /jɪrz/
她一直在这个公司工作，持续五年了
she has been working at this company for five years
/ʃi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /‘wɝkɪŋ/ /ət/ /ðɪs/ /ˈkʌmpəni/ /fɚ/ /faɪv/ /jɪrz/
一直在做……持续……
have been doing…for…
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /fɚ/
等
to wait
/tə/ /wet/
线
line
/laɪn/
在……里面
in
/ɪn/
在线里
in line
/ɪn/ /laɪn/
排队
to wait in line
/tə/ /wet/ /ɪn/ /laɪn/
排队（ ing 形式）
waiting in line
/‘wet ɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /laɪn/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
他们
they
/ðe/
他们一直在排队
they have been waiting in line
/ðe/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /laɪn/
长的
long
/lɔŋ/
时间
time
/taɪm/
一段长的时间
a long time
/ə/ /lɔŋ//taɪm/
持续
for
/fɚ/
持续一段长的时间
for a long time
/fɚ/ /ə/ /lɔŋ//taɪm/
他们一直在排队，持续很久了
they have been waiting in line for a long time
/ðe/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /ɪn/ /laɪn/ /fɚ//ə/ /lɔŋ//taɪm/
一直在做……持续……
have been doing…for…
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /fɚ/
等
to wait
/tə/ /wet/
等（ ing 形式）
waiting
/‘wet ɪŋ/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
我一直在等
I have been waiting
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/
为了你
for you
/fɚ/ /ju/
我一直在等你
I have been waiting for you
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /fɚ/ /ju/
小时
hour
/‘aʊɚ /
一小时
an hour
/ən/ /‘aʊɚ /
持续一小时
for an hour
/fɚ/ /ən/ /‘aʊɚ /
我一直在等你，持续一小时了
I have been waiting for you for an hour
/aɪ/ /hæv/ /bɪn/ /‘wetɪŋ/ /fɚ/ /ju/ /fɚ//ən/ /‘aʊɚ /
一直在做……持续……
have been doing…for…
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /fɚ/
修理
to fix
/tə/ /fɪks/
车
car
/kɑr/
他的车
his car
/hɪz/ /kɑr/
修理他的车
to fix his car
/tə/ /fɪks/ /hɪz/ /kɑr/
修理（ ing 形式）
fixing
/‘fɪksiŋ/
修理他的车（ ing 形式）
fixing his car
/‘fɪksiŋ/ /hɪz/ /kɑr/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
他一直在修理他的车
he has been fixing his car
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /‘fɪksiŋ/ /hɪz/ /kɑr/
下午
afternoon
/æftɚ’nunz/
整个
whole
/hol/
整个下午
whole afternoon
/hol/ /æftɚ’nun/
持续
for
/fɚ/
持续一整个下午
for the whole afternoon
/fɚ/ /ðə/ /hol/ /æftɚ’nun/
他一直在修理他的车，持续一 整个下午了
he has been fixing his car for the whole afternoon
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /‘fɪksiŋ/ /hɪz/ /kɑr/ /fɚ/ /ðə/ /hol/ /æftɚ’nun/
一直在做……持续……
have been doing…for…
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/ /fɚ/
开车
to drive
/tə/ /draɪv/
开车（ ing 形式）
driving
/‘draɪvɪŋ/
一直在做
have been doing
/hæv/ /bɪn/ /ˈduɪŋ/
他一直在开车
he has been driving
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /‘draɪvɪŋ/
小时
hour
/‘aʊɚ /
五个小时
five hours
/faɪv/ /‘aʊɚz/
持续
for
/fɚ/
持续五个小时
for five hours
/fɚ/ /faɪv/ /‘aʊɚz/
他一直在开车，持续五个小时了
he has been driving for five hours
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /‘draɪvɪŋ/ /fɚ/ /faɪv/ /‘aʊɚz/
休息
break
/brek/
没有
without
/wɪ’θaʊt/
没有一次休息
without a break
/wɪ’θaʊt/ /ə/ /brek/
他一直在开车，持续五个小时了，没有一次休息
he has been driving for five hours without a break
/hi/ /hæz/ /bɪn/ /‘draɪvɪŋ/ /fɚ/ /faɪv/ /‘aʊɚz/ /wɪ’θaʊt/ /ə/ /brek/
| 中文 | 原形 | 第三人称单数 | 过去式 | ing 形式 | ed形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 想要 | want | wants | wanted | wanting | wanted |
| 喜欢 | like | likes | liked | liking | liked |
| 有；（＋to）不得不 | have | has | had | having | had |
| 计划 | plan | plans | planned | planning | planned |
| 需要 | need | needs | needed | needing | needed |
| 做 | do | does | did | doing | done |
| 告诉 | tell | tells | told | telling | told |
| 说话 | talk | talks | talked | talking | talked |
| 是 | be(am) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(is) | is | was | being | been |
| 是 | be(are) | is | were | being | been |
| 看到 | see | sees | saw | seeing | seen |
| 吃 | eat | eats | ate | eating | eaten |
| 喝 | drink | drinks | drank | drinking | drunk |
| 知道 | know | knows | knew | knowing | known |
| 忘记 | forget | forgets | forgot | forgetting | forgotten |
| 失去 | lose | loses | lost | losing | lost |
| 离开 | leave | leaves | left | leaving | left |
| 睡觉 | sleep | sleeps | slept | sleeping | slept |
| 明白 | understand | understands | understood | understanding | understood |
| 买 | buy | buys | bought | buying | bought |
| 洗 | wash | washes | washed | washing | washed |
| 打电话 | call | calls | called | calling | called |
| 帮助 | help | helps | helped | helping | helped |
| 相信 | believe | believes | believed | believing | believed |
| 学习 | study | studies | studied | studying | studied |
| 解释 | explain | explains | explained | explaining | explained |
| 问 | ask | asks | asked | asking | asked |
| 飞 | fly | flies | flew | flying | flown |
| 阅读 | read | reads | read | reading | read |
| 走路 | walk | walks | walked | walking | walked |
| 跳舞 | dance | dances | danced | dancing | danced |
| 回答 | answer | answers | answered | answering | answered |
| 工作 | work | works | worked | working | worked |
| 待在 | stay | stays | stayed | staying | stayed |
| 支付 | pay | pays | paid | paying | paid |
| 旅行 | travel | travels | traveled | traveling | traveled |
| 给 | give | gives | gave | giving | given |
| 到达 | get | gets | got | getting | got |
| 锁 | lock | locks | locked | locking | locked |
| 记得 | remember | remembers | remembered | remembering | remembered |
| 清理 | clean | cleans | cleaned | cleaning | cleaned |
| 找到 | find | finds | found | finding | found |
| 关闭 | close | closes | closed | closing | closed |
| 教 | teach | teaches | taught | teaching | taught |
| 展示 | show | shows | showed | showing | shown |
| 让 | let | lets | let | letting | let |
| 休息 | rest | rests | rested | resting | rested |
| 用 | use | uses | used | using | used |
| 做饭 | cook | cooks | cooked | cooking | cooked |
| 去 | go | goes | went | going | gone |
| 决定 | decide | decides | decided | deciding | decided |
| 驾驶 | drive | drives | drove | driving | driven |
| 改变 | change | changes | changed | changing | changed |
| 尝试 | try | tries | tried | trying | tried |
| 停止 | stop | stops | stopped | stopping | stopped |
| 参加 | join | joins | joined | joining | joined |
| 邀请 | invite | invites | invited | inviting | invited |
| 拒绝 | refuse | refuses | refused | refusing | refused |
| 接受 | accept | accepts | accepted | accepting | accepted |
| 学习 | learn | learns | learnt/learned | learning | learnt/learned |
| 完成 | finish | finishes | finished | finishing | finished |
| 看 | watch | watches | watched | watching | watched |
| 游泳 | swim | swims | swam | swimming | swum |
| 掌握 | master | masters | mastered | mastering | mastered |
| 购物 | shop | shops | shopped | shopping | shopped |
| 等待 | wait | waits | waited | waiting | waited |
| 讨论 | discuss | discusses | discussed | discussing | discussed |
| 面对 | face | faces | faced | facing | faced |
| 解决 | solve | solves | solved | solving | solved |
| 疑惑 | wonder | wonders | wondered | wondering | wondered |
| 递给 | hand | hands | handed | handing | handed |
| 玩 | play | plays | played | playing | played |
| 跑 | run | runs | ran | running | run |
| 挑战 | challenge | challenges | challenged | challenging | challenged |
| 希望 | hope | hopes | hoped | hoping | hoped |
| 见到 | meet | meets | met | meeting | met |
| 打开 | open | opens | opened | opening | opened |
| 认为 | think | thinks | thought | thinking | thought |
| 说话 | speak | speaks | spoke | speaking | spoken |
| 看 | look | looks | looked | looking | looked |
| 听 | hear | hears | heard | hearing | heard |
| 强迫 | force | forces | forced | forcing | forced |
| 操作 | handle | handles | handled | handling | handled |
| 握 | hold | holds | held | holding | held |
| 做 | make | makes | made | making | made |
| 承诺 | promise | promises | promised | promising | promised |
| 保持 | keep | keeps | kept | keeping | kept |
| 钓鱼 | fish | fishes | fished | fishing | fished |
| 保存 | save | saves | saved | saving | saved |
| 注意到 | notice | notices | noticed | noticing | noticed |
| 退出 | quit | quits | quit/quitted | quitting | quit/quitted |
| 抽烟 | smoke | smokes | smoked | smoking | smoked |
| 更喜欢 | prefer | prefers | preferred | preferring | preferred |
| 爱 | love | loves | loved | loving | loved |
| 打破 | break | breaks | broke | breaking | broken |
| 享受 | enjoy | enjoys | enjoyed | enjoying | enjoyed |
| 练习 | practice | practices | practiced | practicing | practiced |
| 改善 | improve | improves | improved | improving | improved |
| 分享 | share | shares | shared | sharing | shared |
| 假装 | pretend | pretends | pretended | pretending | pretended |
| 撒谎 | lie | lies | lied | lying | lied |
| 否认 | deny | denies | denied | denying | denied |
| 作画 | paint | paints | painted | painting | painted |
| 偷 | steal | steals | stole | stealing | stolen |
| 承认 | admit | admits | admitted | admitting | admitted |
| 避免 | avoid | avoids | avoided | avoiding | avoided |
| 感觉 | feel | feels | felt | feeling | felt |
| 复制 | copy | copies | copied | copying | copied |
| 保持 | maintain | maintains | maintained | maintaining | maintained |
| 伤害 | hurt | hurts | hurt | hurting | hurt |
| 乘坐 | take | takes | took | taking | taken |
| 保护 | protect | protects | protected | protecting | protected |
| 允许 | permit | permits | permitted | permitting | permitted |
| 禁止 | prohibit | prohibits | prohibited | prohibiting | prohibited |
| 笑 | laugh | laughs | laughed | laughing | laughed |
| 唱歌 | sing | sings | sang | singing | sung |
| 沉浸 | immerse | immerses | immersed | immersing | immersed |
| 骑自行车 | cycle | cycles | cycled | cycling | cycled |
| 参加 | attend | attends | attended | attending | attended |
| 举起 | lift | lifts | lifted | lifting | lifted |
| 设法做到 | manage | manages | managed | managing | managed |
| 写 | write | writes | wrote | writing | written |
| 克服 | overcome | overcomes | overcame | overcoming | overcome |
| 访问 | visit | visits | visited | visiting | visited |
| 居住 | live | lives | lived | living | lived |
| 遗弃 | abandon | abandons | abandoned | abandoning | abandoned |
| 修理 | fix | fixes | fixed | fixing | fixed |
| 收到 | receive | receives | received | receiving | received |
| 装饰 | decorate | decorates | decorated | decorating | decorated |
| 搬家 | move | moves | moved | moving | moved |
| 设计 | design | designs | designed | designing | designed |
| 达到 | arrive | arrives | arrived | arriving | arrived |
| 改编 | adapt | adapts | adapted | adapting | adapted |
| 出生 | bear | bears | bore | bearing | born |
| 发送 | send | sends | sent | sending | sent |
| 出版 | publish | publishes | published | publishing | published |
| 建造 | construct | constructs | constructed | constructing | constructed |
| 修复 | repair | repairs | repaired | repairing | repaired |
| 宣布 | announce | announces | announced | announcing | announced |
| 翻译 | translate | translates | translated | translating | translated |
| 疏散 | evacuate | evacuates | evacuated | evacuating | evacuated |
| 蔓延 | spread | spreads | spread | spreading | spread |
| 停车 | park | parks | parked | parking | parked |
| 纠正 | correct | corrects | corrected | correcting | correct |
| 提交 | submit | submits | submitted | submitting | submitted |
| 卖 | sell | sells | sold | selling | sold |
| 非法入侵 | hack | hacks | hacked | hacking | hacked |
| 准备 | prepare | prepares | prepared | preparing | prepared |
| 返回 | return | returns | returned | returning | returned |
| 集合 | assemble | assembles | assembled | assembling | assembled |
| 浇水 | water | waters | watered | watering | watered |
| 完成 | complete | completes | completed | completing | completed |
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